介绍

  在项目开发中，经常遇到定时任务，今天通过自定义多线程池总结一下SpringBoot默认实现的定时任务机制。

定时任务模板

pom依赖

<dependencies>

	<dependency>

		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>

	</dependency>

	<dependency>

		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

		<scope>test</scope>

	</dependency>

	//线程池用到

	<dependency>

    	<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>

        <artifactId>guava</artifactId>

        <version>22.0</version>

    </dependency>

    //@Slf4j注解用到

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>

        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>

        <optional>true</optional>

        <version>1.18.4</version>

    </dependency>

</dependencies>

自定义线程池模板

package com.example.andya.demo.conf;

import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.concurrent.*;

/**

 * @author Andya

 * @create 2020-05-29 14:08

 */

@Configuration

public class ThreadPoolConfig {

    public static String THREAD_NAME = "first-thread-pool-%d";

    public static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 2 + 1;

    public static int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 10;

    public static int QUEUE_SIZE = 10;

    /**

     * 自定义消费队列线程池

     *

     * @return

     */

    @Bean(value = "firstThreadPool")

    public ExecutorService buildFirstThreadPool() {

        ThreadFactory threadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat(THREAD_NAME).build();

        /**

         * 1. CallerRunsPolicy ：    这个策略重试添加当前的任务，他会自动重复调用 execute() 方法，直到成功。

         2. AbortPolicy ：         对拒绝任务抛弃处理，并且抛出异常。

         3. DiscardPolicy ：       对拒绝任务直接无声抛弃，没有异常信息。

         4. DiscardOldestPolicy ： 对拒绝任务不抛弃，而是抛弃队列里面等待最久的一个线程，然后把拒绝任务加到队列。

         */

        ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(

                CORE_POOL_SIZE,

                MAX_POOL_SIZE,

                0L,

                TimeUnit.SECONDS,

                new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(QUEUE_SIZE),

                threadFactory,

                new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());

        return threadPool;

    }

}

定时任务模板

package com.example.andya.demo.service;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**

 * @author Andya

 * @create 2020-05-29 14:26

 */

@Service

@EnableScheduling

@Slf4j

public class TestThreadPool {

    @Resource(name = "firstThreadPool")

    private ExecutorService firstThreadPool;

    @Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * *")

    public void test1SchedulerThreadPool() {

        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);

        log.info("Begin schedule-【1】 startTime: {}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

            firstThreadPool.execute(() -> {

                countDownLatch.countDown();

                log.info("schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: {}, countDownLatch info: {}", firstThreadPool.toString(), countDownLatch.toString());

            });

        }

        try {

            countDownLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {

            log.error("schedule-【1】timeout, {}", e.getMessage());

        } finally {

            log.info("schedule-【1】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: {}",  countDownLatch.getCount());

        }

        log.info("End schedule-【1】 startTime: {}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));

    }

    @Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * *")

    public void test2SchedulerThreadPool() {

        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);

        log.info("Begin schedule-【2】 startTime: {}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

            firstThreadPool.execute(() -> {

                countDownLatch.countDown();

                log.info("schedule-【2】, threadPool info {}, countDownLatch info: {}", firstThreadPool.toString(), countDownLatch.toString());

            });

        }

        try {

            countDownLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {

            log.error("schedule-【2】timeout, {}", e.getMessage());

        } finally {

            log.info("schedule-【2】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: {}",  countDownLatch.getCount());

        }

        log.info("End schedule-【2】 startTime: {}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()));

    }

}

运行结果

2020-05-29 15:45:00.011  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : Begin schedule-【2】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:45:00

2020-05-29 15:45:00.018  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-0] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 5, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 0], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@522af59c[Count = 4]

2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 4, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 1], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@522af59c[Count = 3]

2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-2] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 2], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@522af59c[Count = 2]

2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-3] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 3], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@522af59c[Count = 1]

2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-4] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 1, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 4], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@522af59c[Count = 0]

2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: 0

2020-05-29 15:45:00.019  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : End schedule-【2】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:45:00

2020-05-29 15:45:00.020  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : Begin schedule-【1】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:45:00

2020-05-29 15:45:00.021  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-0] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 5, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 5], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ced01a9[Count = 4]

2020-05-29 15:45:00.023  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-5] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 4, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 6], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ced01a9[Count = 3]

2020-05-29 15:45:00.024  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-6] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 7], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ced01a9[Count = 2]

2020-05-29 15:45:00.024  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-7] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 7], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ced01a9[Count = 1]

2020-05-29 15:45:00.025  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: 0

2020-05-29 15:45:00.025  INFO 6900 --- [t-thread-pool-8] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@26b894bd[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 7], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ced01a9[Count = 0]

2020-05-29 15:45:00.025  INFO 6900 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : End schedule-【1】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:45:00

从上述结果中可以看出，虽然是test1SchedulerThreadPool()和test2SchedulerThreadPool()都是每分钟执行定时任务，但是明显两个方法没有并发执行，而是串行执行的。

并发定时器模板

通过增加一个配置类来并发执行定时任务。

package com.example.andya.demo.conf;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.SchedulingConfigurer;

import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**

 * @author Andya

 * @create 2020-05-29 15:52

 */

@Configuration

public class ScheduleConfig implements SchedulingConfigurer {

    @Override

    public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar scheduledTaskRegistrar) {

        scheduledTaskRegistrar.setScheduler(Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10));

    }

}

运行结果

2020-05-29 15:53:00.005  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-2] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : Begin schedule-【2】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:53:00

2020-05-29 15:53:00.015  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : Begin schedule-【1】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:53:00

2020-05-29 15:53:00.019  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-0] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 9, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@630f649f[Count = 3]

2020-05-29 15:53:00.020  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-3] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 9, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@630f649f[Count = 1]

2020-05-29 15:53:00.019  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 9, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@630f649f[Count = 3]

2020-05-29 15:53:00.019  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-2] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 9, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@630f649f[Count = 2]

2020-05-29 15:53:00.021  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-0] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 6, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 4], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ebb120e[Count = 4]

2020-05-29 15:53:00.021  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-4] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】, threadPool info java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 5, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 5], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@630f649f[Count = 0]

2020-05-29 15:53:00.021  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-2] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【2】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: 0

2020-05-29 15:53:00.022  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-2] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : End schedule-【2】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:53:00

2020-05-29 15:53:00.022  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-5] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 4, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 6], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ebb120e[Count = 3]

2020-05-29 15:53:00.022  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-6] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 3, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 7], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ebb120e[Count = 2]

2020-05-29 15:53:00.024  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-7] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 8], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ebb120e[Count = 1]

2020-05-29 15:53:00.024  INFO 3028 --- [t-thread-pool-8] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 , threadPool info: java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@5149f008[Running, pool size = 9, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 0, completed tasks = 8], countDownLatch info: java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch@5ebb120e[Count = 0]

2020-05-29 15:53:00.024  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : schedule-【1】 multi-threading countDownLatch count: 0

2020-05-29 15:53:00.024  INFO 3028 --- [pool-2-thread-1] c.e.andya.demo.service.TestThreadPool    : End schedule-【1】 startTime: 2020-05-29 15:53:00

可以从运行结果中看到，test1SchedulerThreadPool()和test2SchedulerThreadPool()两个方法同时打印了Begin schedule...信息，是并发定时。

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