AspNetCore容器化(Docker)部署(三) —— Docker Compose容器编排

一.前言

上一篇部署了一个最基础的helloworld应用，创建了两个容器和一个network，还算应付得过来。

如果该应用继续引入mysql、redis、job等若干服务，到时候发布一次得工作量之大就可想而知了，这时候就需要用到Docker Compose。

Docker Compose是一个用于定义和运行多容器Docker应用程序的工具。使用Compose，可以使用YAML文件来配置应用程序的服务，然后使用一条命令就可以从配置中创建并启动所有服务。

Docker Compose概述及命令使用 https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/overview/

二.安装Compose

Windows下安装Docker Desktop时已经附带安装了Docker Compose

PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker-compose version

docker-compose version 1.23.2, build 1110ad01

docker-py version: 3.6.0

CPython version: 3.6.6

OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.2o  27 Mar 2018

Linux下需要自行安装

root@VM-16-9-ubuntu:~# apt install docker-compose

三.使用Compose

1.编排服务

在解决方案下创建docker-compose.yml文件

version: '3.4'

services:

  helloworld:

    image: helloworld:v2.0

    build: #镜像构建

      context: . #工作目录

      dockerfile: HelloWorld/Dockerfile #Dockerfile位置

    environment: #环境变量

      - ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Development

    ports: #端口映射

      - "81:80"

    container_name: netcore_helloworld #容器名

    deploy:

      restart_policy: #重启策略

        condition: on-failure

        delay: 5s

        max_attempts: 3

    networks: #指定network

      - default

      - newbridge

  mynginx:

    image: mynginx:v2.0

    build:

      context: MyNginx

      dockerfile: Dockerfile

    ports:

      - "80:80"

      - "801:801"

    container_name: mynginx

    deploy:

      restart_policy:

        condition: on-failure

        delay: 5s

        max_attempts: 3

    networks:

      - default

networks:

  default: #定义一个docker中已存在的network

    external:

      name: mybridge

  newbridge: #新的network

    #name: newbridge  #compose版本3.5开始才支持自定义名称

2.启动容器

https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/up/

docker-compose up [options] [--scale SERVICE=NUM...] [SERVICE...]

docker-compose up指令包含了docker-compose build，当yml文件services中配置的image(helloworld:v2.0和mynginx:v2.0)不存在时会先build这两个镜像，再创建container，

如果image已存在，则直接创建container

PS C:\Users\Administrator> cd C:\Users\Administrator\source\repos\AspNetCore_Docker

PS C:\Users\Administrator\source\repos\AspNetCore_Docker> docker-compose up -d

WARNING: Some services (helloworld, mynginx) use the 'deploy' key, which will be ignored. Compose does not support 'deploy' configuration - use `docker stack deploy` to deploy to a swarm.

Creating network "aspnetcore_docker_newbridge" with the default driver

Creating netcore_helloworld ... done

Creating mynginx            ... done

PS C:\Users\Administrator\source\repos\AspNetCore_Docker> docker images

REPOSITORY                             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

mynginx                                v2.0                9c18561d7ab3        27 minutes ago      109MB

helloworld                             v2.0                c42e9f575fc4        24 hours ago        265MB

nginx                                  latest              62c261073ecf        9 days ago          109MB

mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk      2.2-stretch         e4747ec2aaff        3 weeks ago         1.74GB

mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet   2.2-stretch-slim    f6d51449c477        3 weeks ago         260MB

docker4w/nsenter-dockerd               latest              2f1c802f322f        8 months ago        187kB

PS C:\Users\Administrator\source\repos\AspNetCore_Docker> docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                      NAMES

66ff08eda2ae        helloworld:v2.0     "dotnet HelloWorld.d…"   11 minutes ago      Up 11 minutes       0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp                         netcore_helloworld

5357b641a7b1        mynginx:v2.0        "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   11 minutes ago      Up 11 minutes       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:801->801/tcp   mynginx

3.删除容器

PS C:\Users\Administrator\source\repos\AspNetCore_Docker> docker-compose down

WARNING: Some services (helloworld, mynginx) use the 'deploy' key, which will be ignored. Compose does not support 'deploy' configuration - use `docker stack deploy` to deploy to a swarm.

Stopping mynginx            ... done

Stopping netcore_helloworld ... done

Removing mynginx            ... done

Removing netcore_helloworld ... done

Network mybridge is external, skipping   #外部的bridge不会被删除，直接跳过

Removing network aspnetcore_docker_newbridge

四.远程镜像仓库

docker官方的只能创建一个免费私有仓库，国内各大云服务器商都有提供免费的、无限量的镜像仓库。

1.登录到远程registry

docker login --username=[username] ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com

PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker login --username=你的用户名 ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com

Password:

Login Succeeded

2.上传镜像

docker tag [ImageId] ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/[namespace]/[ImageName]:[镜像版本号]

PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker tag c42e9f575fc4 ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/wuuu/helloworld

PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker tag 9c18561d7ab3 ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/wuuu/mynginx

PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker images

REPOSITORY                               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/wuuu/mynginx      latest              9c18561d7ab3        2 days ago          109MB

mynginx                                  v2.0                9c18561d7ab3        2 days ago          109MB

ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/wuuu/helloworld   latest              c42e9f575fc4        3 days ago          265MB

helloworld                               v2.0                c42e9f575fc4        3 days ago          265MB

nginx                                    latest              62c261073ecf        12 days ago         109MB

mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/sdk        2.2-stretch         e4747ec2aaff        3 weeks ago         1.74GB

mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet     2.2-stretch-slim    f6d51449c477        3 weeks ago         260MB

docker4w/nsenter-dockerd                 latest              2f1c802f322f        8 months ago        187kB

PS C:\Users\Administrator>

docker push ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/[namespace]/[ImageName]:[镜像版本号]

PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker push ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/wuuu/helloworld

The push refers to repository [ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/wuuu/helloworld]
...

latest: digest: sha256:d991fe759257905f727593cc09d8299462e20e31ada3a92023a48fbc130f7484 size: 1581

PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker push ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/wuuu/mynginx

The push refers to repository [ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/wuuu/mynginx]
...
latest: digest: sha256:0eda000278411f5b6e034944993f6f5b94825125124f67cc7caf4e684aad5a85 size: 1155

PS C:\Users\Administrator>

2.通过远程镜像启动容器

在原yml文件基础上移除build项，修改image地址。

docker compose up会从远程仓库pull镜像并启动容器，如果是私有仓库，需要提前登录到远程registry。

version: '3.4'

services:

  helloworld:

    image: ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/wuuu/helloworld

    environment: #环境变量

      - ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Development

    ports: #端口映射

      - "81:80"

    container_name: netcore_helloworld #容器名

    deploy:

      restart_policy: #重启策略

        condition: on-failure

        delay: 5s

        max_attempts: 3

    networks: #指定network

      - default

      - newbridge

  mynginx:

    image: ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/wuuu/mynginx

    ports:

      - "80:80"

      - "801:801"

    container_name: mynginx

    deploy:

      restart_policy:

        condition: on-failure

        delay: 5s

        max_attempts: 3

    networks:

      - default

networks:

  default: #定义一个docker中已存在的network

    external:

      name: mybridge

  newbridge: #新的network

    #name: newbridge  #compose版本3.5开始才支持自定义名称

示例代码Github地址：https://github.com/wwwu/AspNetCore_Docker