使用BIND安装智能DNS服务器（一）---基本的主从DNS服务器搭建

参考网址：http://www.unixmen.com/dns-server-installation-step-by-step-using-centos-6-3/　　

DNS(Domain Name System) 将主机名或者URLS翻译成IP地址。

例如：如果在浏览器输入网址 "www.unixmen.com"

DNS server 将把这个域名翻译成和他关联的IP地址。

就是说：DNS servers 用于将类似 www.unixmen.com 这样的名称 翻译成 173.xxx.xxx.xxx 这样是为了方便人们记住域名，而不是IP地址。

方案

主(primary/master) DNS Server
环境配置：

操作系统 : CentOS 6.5 server
主机名 : masterdns.unixmen.local
IP地址 : 192.168.1.100/

从(secondary/slave) DNS Server
环境配置：

操作系统 : CentOS 6.5 server
主机名 : secondarydns.unixmen.local
IP地址 : 192.168.1.101/

客户端环境：

操作系统 : CentOS 6.5 Desktop
主机名 : Client.unixmen.local
IP地址 : 192.168.1.102/

安装主(primary/master) DNS Server
[root@masterdns ~]# yum install bind* -y
1.配置DNS Server
添加如下所示行到/etc/named.conf文件中
[root@masterdns ~]# vi /etc/named.conf

//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
listen-on port  { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.1.100; }; ### 主DNS 的 IP地址 ###
listen-on-v6 port  { ::; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { localhost; 192.168.1.0/; }; ### 允许访问网络的IP范围 ，末尾的 / 是网络掩码的缩写表示（在本例中为 255.255.255.0）###
allow-transfer{ localhost; 192.168.1.101; }; ### 从 DNS IP ###
recursion yes;   ###是否允许递归，有建议说应设置为no，为了是防止DDOS攻击###
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};

//自定义的正向和反向解析
zone"unixmen.local" IN {
type master;
file "forward.unixmen"; //正向解析文件名
allow-update { none; };
};
zone"1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "reverse.unixmen";//反向解析文件名
allow-update { none; };
};

include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";

2.创建zone文件
以下文件已经在/etc/named.conf中定义

2.1 创建正向Zone
创建forward.unixmen 文件在 /var/named 目录下
[root@masterdns ~]# vi /var/named/forward.unixmen

$TTL
@ IN SOA masterdns.unixmen.local. root.unixmen.local. (
 ;Serial
 ;Refresh
 ;Retry
 ;Expire
 ;Minimum TTL
)
@ IN NS masterdns.unixmen.local.
@ IN NS secondarydns.unixmen.local.
@ IN A 192.168.1.100
@ IN A 192.168.1.101
@ IN A 192.168.1.102
masterdns IN A 192.168.1.100
secondarydns IN A 192.168.1.101
client IN A 192.168.1.102

2.2创建反向Zone
创建reverse.unixmen 文件在 /var/named 目录下
[root@masterdns ~]# vi /var/named/reverse.unixmen

$TTL
@ IN SOA masterdns.unixmen.local. root.unixmen.local. (
 ;Serial
 ;Refresh
 ;Retry
 ;Expire
 ;Minimum TTL
)
@ IN NS masterdns.unixmen.local.
@ IN NS secondarydns.unixmen.local.
@ IN PTR unixmen.local.
masterdns IN A 192.168.1.100
secondarydns IN A 192.168.1.101
client IN A 192.168.1.102
 IN PTR masterdns.unixmen.local.
 IN PTR secondarydns.unixmen.local.
 IN PTR client.unixmen.local.

3.启动DNS服务
[root@masterdns ~]# service named start
Starting named: [ OK ]
[root@masterdns ~]# chkconfig named on

4.调整防火墙允许DNS Server 访问外部网络
添加以下内容到 /etc/sysconfig/iptables 文件中
[root@masterdns ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [:]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [:]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [:]

#添加DNS Server
-A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW --dport  -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport  -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport  -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT

5.重启防火墙
[root@masterdns ~]# service iptables restart

iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ]

6.设置当前的DNS服务器
添加以下内容到 /etc/resolv.conf 文件中
[root@masterdns ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.1.131

7.测试DNS配置和zone文件是否有语法错误
[root@masterdns ~]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf
[root@masterdns ~]# named-checkzone unixmen.local /var/named/forward.unixmen
zone unixmen.local/IN: loaded serial 2011071001
OK
[root@masterdns ~]# named-checkzone unixmen.local /var/named/reverse.unixmen
zone unixmen.local/IN: loaded serial 2011071001
OK

8.测试DNS Server
[root@masterdns ~]# dig masterdns.unixmen.local

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.-0.10.rc1.el6_3. <<>> masterdns.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: , ANSWER: , AUTHORITY: , ADDITIONAL:
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;masterdns.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
secondarydns.unixmen.local.  INA192.168.1.
;; Query time:  msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  ::
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 

[root@masterdns ~]# nslookup unixmen.local

Server:192.168.1.100
Address:192.168.1.100#
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.102
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.100
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.101

现在主DNS Server 已经可以使用了

安装从(Secondary/Slave) DNS Server
[root@secondarydns ~]# yum install bind* -y
1.配置从DNS Server
添加如下所示行到/etc/named.conf文件中
[root@secondarydns ~]# vi /etc/named.conf

//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
listen-on port  { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.1.101; };
listen-on-v6 port  { ::; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { localhost; 192.168.1.0/; };
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone"unixmen.local" IN {
type slave;
file "slaves/unixmen.fwd";
masters { 192.168.1.100; };
};
zone"1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type slave;
file "slaves/unixmen.rev";
masters { 192.168.1.100; };
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";

2.启动DNS服务
[root@secondarydns ~]# service named start
Generating /etc/rndc.key: [ OK ]
Starting named: [ OK ]
[root@secondarydns ~]# chkconfig named on

现在主DNS server上的正向和反向zone文件，被自动复制到了从 DNS Server 的 /var/named/slaves/ 目录下
[root@secondarydns ~]# ls /var/named/slaves/
unixmen.fwd unixmen.rev

[root@secondarydns ~]# cat /var/named/slaves/unixmen.fwd

$ORIGIN .
$TTL ;  day
unixmen.localIN SOAmasterdns.unixmen.local. root.unixmen.local. (
 ; serial
 ; refresh ( hour)
 ; retry ( minutes)
 ; expire ( week)
 ; minimum ( day)
)
NS masterdns.unixmen.local.
NS secondarydns.unixmen.local.
A192.168.1.
A192.168.1.
A192.168.1.
$ORIGIN unixmen.local.
clientA192.168.1.
masterdnsA192.168.1.
secondarydnsA192.168.1.

[root@secondarydns ~]# cat /var/named/slaves/unixmen.rev

$ORIGIN .
$TTL ;  day
1.168..in-addr.arpaIN SOAmasterdns.unixmen.local. root.unixmen.local. (
 ; serial
 ; refresh ( hour)
 ; retry ( minutes)
 ; expire ( week)
 ; minimum ( day)
)
NS masterdns.unixmen.local.
NS secondarydns.unixmen.local.
PTRunixmen.local.
$ORIGIN 1.168..in-addr.arpa.
100PTRmasterdns.unixmen.local.
101PTRsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
102PTRclient.unixmen.local.
clientA192.168.1.
masterdnsA192.168.1.
secondarydnsA192.168.1.

3.添加DNS Server到所有系统中
[root@secondarydns ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager
search ostechnix.com
nameserver 192.168.1.100
nameserver 192.168.1.101
nameserver 8.8.8.8

4.测试DNS Server
[root@secondarydns ~]# dig masterdns.unixmen.local

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.-0.10.rc1.el6_3. <<>> masterdns.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: , ANSWER: , AUTHORITY: , ADDITIONAL:
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;masterdns.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
secondarydns.unixmen.local.  INA192.168.1.
;; Query time:  msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  ::
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 

[root@secondarydns ~]# dig secondarydns.unixmen.local

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.-0.10.rc1.el6_3. <<>> secondarydns.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: , ANSWER: , AUTHORITY: , ADDITIONAL:
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;secondarydns.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
secondarydns.unixmen.local.  INA192.168.1.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.
;; Query time:  msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  ::
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 

[root@secondarydns ~]# nslookup unixmen.local
Server:192.168.1.100
Address:192.168.1.100#
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.101
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.102
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.100

client配置
添加DNS Server到所有客户端的 /etc/resolv.conf 文件中
[root@client unixmen]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search unixmen.local
nameserver 192.168.1.100
nameserver 192.168.1.101
nameserver 8.8.8.8

测试DNS Server

[root@client unixmen]# dig masterdns.unixmen.local

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> masterdns.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: , ANSWER: , AUTHORITY: , ADDITIONAL:
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;masterdns.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
secondarydns.unixmen.local.  INA192.168.1.
;; Query time:  msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  ::
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 

[root@client unixmen]# dig secondarydns.unixmen.local

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> secondarydns.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: , ANSWER: , AUTHORITY: , ADDITIONAL:
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;secondarydns.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
secondarydns.unixmen.local.  INA192.168.1.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.
;; Query time:  msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  ::
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 

[root@client unixmen]# dig client.unixmen.local

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> client.unixmen.local
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: , ANSWER: , AUTHORITY: , ADDITIONAL:
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;client.unixmen.local.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
client.unixmen.local.86400INA192.168.1.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
unixmen.local.86400INNSmasterdns.unixmen.local.
unixmen.local.86400INNSsecondarydns.unixmen.local.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
masterdns.unixmen.local. 86400INA192.168.1.
secondarydns.unixmen.local.  INA192.168.1.
;; Query time:  msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.100#(192.168.1.100)
;; WHEN: Thu Mar  ::
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 

[root@client unixmen]# nslookup unixmen.local

Server:192.168.1.100
Address:192.168.1.100#
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.102
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.100
Name:unixmen.local
Address: 192.168.1.101

现在主从DNS Server已经可以使用了