mysqldump实践

mysqldump

---

 

• mysqldump---逻辑备份，热备
• • 单线程，适合数据量小的库

mysql官方自带的命令行工具

 

#全库

)mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --socket=XXX --all-databases > XXX.sql

#指定库

)mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --socket=XXX --databases db2 > XXX.sql

#指定表

)mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --socket=XXX db2 t1 > XXX.sql

#恢复

4)

create database db3;
surce XXX.sql;

 

#使用事务备份全库

)mysqldump --single-transaction -uroot -p123456 --all-databases > XXX.sql

#远程备份

)mysqldump -utest -ptest -hXXX -P3306 --all-databases > XXX.sql

#备份.sql,和.csv格式；

)mysqldump --single-transaction -uroot -p123456 db1 -T XXX

#指定分隔符为","默认分隔符为制表符

)mysqldump -uroot -p000000 --single-transaction --fields-terminated-by=, shuxue -T /tmp

 

主要示例

---

1. 演示使用mysqldump备份表，库，实例
2. 演示使用mysqldump制作一致性备份
3. 演示使用mysqldump导出数据为csv格式

 

演示使用mysqldump备份表，库，实例：

备份全库：

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --all-databases > ./all_db.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ ls
all_db.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ head -n  all_db.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.5., for debian-linux-gnu (i686)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database:
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version    5.5.-0ubuntu0.12.04.

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Current Database: `TEST`
--

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `TEST` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;

USE `TEST`;

--
-- Current Database: `WY_yun`
--

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `WY_yun` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;

#可以看到all_db.sql，实际上就是SQL语句，会将表，插入数据等等；

备份指定库：

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --databases shuxue > ./shuxue.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ ls
all_db.sql  shuxue.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ sed -n '22,45p' shuxue.sql
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `shuxue` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;

USE `shuxue`;

--
-- Table structure for table `res_new`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `res_new`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `res_new` (
  `res` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `sum_num` decimal(,) DEFAULT NULL,
  `week_day` int() DEFAULT NULL,
  `que` int() DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `res_new`
--

LOCK TABLES `res_new` WRITE;

#指定文件显示第几行到第几行sed -n '22,45p' filename;

备份单个表：

mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_shuxue |
+------------------+
| res_new          |
| res_sum_num      |
| week_day         |
+------------------+
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock shuxue week_day > ./week_day.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ ls
all_db.sql  shuxue.sql  week_day.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ sed -n '10,37p' week_day.sql
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `week_day`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `week_day`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `week_day` (
  `res` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `sum_num` decimal(,) DEFAULT NULL,
  `week_day` int() DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `week_day`
--

LOCK TABLES `week_day` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `week_day` DISABLE KEYS */;

还原week_day表

mysql> create database db;
Query OK,  row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> use db
Database changed

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> source /home/aiapple/mysql_backup/week_day.sql
Query OK,  rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_db |
+--------------+
| week_day     |
+--------------+
使用source命令还原数据；

mysqldump一致性备份

---

 

定义：

因为在备份过程中，数据库的数据是不断变动的，而一致性备份是指备份某时刻点的数据；

因为innodb提供了可重复读，这个隔离级别，即在同一个事务内看到的数据不变，所以 备份工作中，

如果开启一个事务再进行备份，那么这个备份就是事务开启的时间点的备份，也叫一致性备份；

 

参数：--single-transaction

默认备份会锁表，锁库，来备份，因为没有开启事务，而使用这个参数之后，会开启一个事务来备份，不会锁表锁库。

 

一致性备份全库

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump --single-transaction -uroot -p000000 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --all-databases > ./all_db.sql
-- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly.
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ ls
all_db.sql
aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ sed -n '20,45p' all_db.sql
--

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `TEST` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;

USE `TEST`;

--
-- Current Database: `WY_yun`
--

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `WY_yun` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;

USE `WY_yun`;

--
-- Table structure for table `a`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `a`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `a` (
  `name` varchar() DEFAULT NULL,
  `id` int() DEFAULT NULL,
  `sal` int() DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
 

远程备份

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 -h127.0.0. -P3306 --database shuxue > ./shuxue.sql

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ ls
shuxue.sql
 

 

演示使用mysqldump导出数据为csv格式

参数：-T

 

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 shuxue -T /tmp

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ cd /tmp/
aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ ls
res_new.sql         res_new.txt
week_day.txt        week_day.sql
res_sum_num.sql     res_sum_num.txt

aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ sed -n '20,45p' week_day.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `week_day`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `week_day` (
  `res` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `sum_num` decimal(,) DEFAULT NULL,
  `week_day` int() DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on --  ::

aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ sed -n '20,45p' week_day.txt
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--        

 

 

#默认分隔符为制表符

#可以指定分隔符

#指定分隔符为","

aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ mysqldump -uroot -p000000 --single-transaction --fields-terminated-by=, shuxue -T /tmp

aiapple@itcast01:~/mysql_backup$ cd /tmp/
aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ ls
res_new.sql         res_new.txt
week_day.txt        week_day.sql
res_sum_num.sql     res_sum_num.txt

aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ sed -n '20,45p' week_day.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `week_day`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `week_day` (
  `res` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `sum_num` decimal(,) DEFAULT NULL,
  `week_day` int() DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on --  ::

aiapple@itcast01:/tmp$ sed -n '20,45p' week_day.txt
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,
--,,