分析一个socket通信： server/client

分析一个socket通信： server/client1

server

1. 创建一个server_socket文件，并绑定端口，然后监听端口 (socket, bind, listen)

2. 查询该端口是否有客户端的连接：
while(1)
{
查询这个端口是否有来自client的消息；(accept)// accept: input is server_socket_fd ; ret value is client_socket_fd
如果有，返回client_socket_fd, 并把消息读出来 (rcv from client_socket_fd); 当然这个时候server也可以send to client_socket.
}

client
1. 创建一个client_socket文件，绑定端口和server ip，然后通过这个socket去和server的socket连接起来 (socket, connect)；
2. 连接成功后，client往client_socket写东西(send to client_socket_fd). 当然这个时候client也可以rcv from client_socket.

client_socket文件的作用是client和server之间的一个通信管道。

debug代码：

//client:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define N 128

typedef struct sockaddr SA;

extern void show_time(void);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int sockfd, fd, nbyte;
   char command[];
   struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

   if (argc < )
    {
        printf("Usage : %s <server_ip> : <port>\n", argv[]);
        exit(-);
    }    

   memset(&server_addr, , sizeof(server_addr));
   server_addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
   server_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[]));
   server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[]);

   while (  )
    {
        printf("<client> ");
        fgets(command, , stdin);
        command[strlen(command)-] = '\0';  // overwrite the '\n' 

        if ((sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, )) < )
        {
           printf("fail to get\n");
            return;
        }
        printf("socket\n");show_time();
        if (connect(sockfd, (SA *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < )
        {
            printf("fail to connect server\n");
            return;
       }
       printf("send\n");show_time();
       send(sockfd, command, strlen(command)+, );
       printf("send over\n");show_time();
       close(sockfd);
    }

   return ;
}
//break client.c:41 

//server:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define N 128

typedef struct sockaddr SA;
extern void show_time(void);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int listenfd, connfd;
    char buf[N];
   struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

  // XXX:step 1  int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
   if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, )) < )
   {
      fprintf(stderr, "fail to socket : %s\n", strerror(errno));
      exit(-);
   }
#ifdef _DEBUG_
   printf("socket is %d\n", listenfd);
#endif  

  // XXX:step 2  int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *serv_addr, socklen_t addrlen);
   memset(&server_addr, , sizeof(server_addr));
   server_addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
   server_addr.sin_port = htons();
   server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    if (bind(listenfd, (SA *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < )
    {
        perror("fail to bind");
        exit(-);
    }

    listen(listenfd, );
    static int counter = ;
    while (  )
    {
        if ((connfd = accept(listenfd, NULL, NULL)) < )
        {
            perror("fail to accept"); show_time();
            break;
        }else{
            printf("a connect from client accepted, counter = %d\n", counter++); show_time();
        }
        recv(connfd, buf, N, );
        printf("recvd from client\n"); show_time();
        send(connfd, "", , );
        printf("sent to client\n"); show_time();
        close(connfd);
    }

   return ;
}

调试：

gcc -g client.c show_time.c -o client
gcc -g server.c show_time.c -o server

1. 打断点：

//break client.c:41

2. 跑server

3. 单步跑client，

　　当line47跑完  if (connect(sockfd, (SA *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) 的时候，

　　server打印“a connect from client accepted, counter = 0”

if ((connfd = accept(listenfd, NULL, NULL)) < )
        {
            perror("fail to accept"); show_time();
            break;
        }else{
            printf("a connect from client accepted, counter = %d\n", counter++); show_time();
        }

　　当line53跑完  send(sockfd, command, strlen(command)+1, 0) 的时候，

　　server打印 ”recvd from client “

recv(connfd, buf, N, );
printf("recvd from client\n"); show_time();

上面的实验说明了：

socket通信的几个函数接口之间的关系和时序。accept阻塞地等待client的connect接入；recv阻塞地等待client send的数据。