MySQL安装再折腾--编码的设置

一、MySQL的安装

　　从官网（https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/）中下载Mac OS X 10.12 (x86, 64-bit), DMG Archive（mysql-5.7.19-macos10.12-x86_64.dmg）版，双击按提示安装，安装完成后可在控制面板下启动关闭MySQL服务器，

　　同时安装客户端：MySQL Workbench.app，(下载链接：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=468289)

　　启动MySQL服务器，打开MySQL Workbench，输入初始密码，随即提示修改初始密码。

二、设置Terminal下登录路径：

　　在/Users/**/新建文件：.bash_profile

　　文件中输入：

export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin

 　　

　　保存即可。在Terminal下，即可使用"mysql -u root -p"进行登录。

三、数据库编码问题

在Terminal中登录MySQL客户端（mysql -u root -p）查看数据库编码，命令如下：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'char%';

　　发现

character_set_database | latin1

character_set_server | latin1

　　需要进行编码设置，但安装文件里无my.cnf文件，网上很多解决方法都没用，只能自建my.cnf文件。

　　关闭MySQL服务器，使用MacVim创建my.cnf,输入内容为：

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
  #
  # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
  # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
  # other programs (such as a web server)
  #
  # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
  # locations which depend on the deployment platform.
  # You can copy this option file to one of those
  # locations. For information about these locations, see:
  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
  #
  # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
  # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
  # with the "--help" option.
  # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
  [client]
  default-character-set=utf8
  #password   = your_password
  port        =
  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock
  # Here follows entries for some specific programs
  # The MySQL server
  [mysqld]
  character-set-server=utf8
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8
  port        =
  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock
  skip-external-locking
  key_buffer_size = 16M
  max_allowed_packet = 1M
  table_open_cache =
  sort_buffer_size = 512K
  net_buffer_length = 8K
  read_buffer_size = 256K
  read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
  myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
  character-set-server=utf8
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking  

  # Replication Master Server (default)
  # binary logging is required for replication
  log-bin=mysql-bin  

    # binary logging format - mixed recommended
    binlog_format=mixed  

      # required unique id between  and ^ -
      # defaults to  if master-host is not set
      # but will not function as a master if omitted
      server-id   =   

    # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
    #
    # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
    # two methods :
    #
    # ) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
    #    the syntax is:
    #
    #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
    #    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
    #
    #    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
    #    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
    #
    #    Example:
    #
    #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=,
    #    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
    #
    # OR
    #
    # ) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
    #    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
    #    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
    #    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
    #    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
    #    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
    #    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
    #    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
    #    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
    #
    # required unique id between  and ^ -
    # (and different from the master)
    # defaults to  if master-host is set
    # but will not function as a slave if omitted
    #server-id       =
    #
    # The replication master for this slave - required
    #master-host     =   <hostname>
    #
    # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
    # to the master - required
    #master-user     =   <username>
    #
    # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
    # the master - required
    #master-password =   <password>
    #
    # The port the master is listening on.
    # optional - defaults to
    #master-port     =  <port>
    #
    # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
    #log-bin=mysql-bin  

      # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
      #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
      #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
      #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
      # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to  -  %
      # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
      #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
      #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
      # Set .._log_file_size to  % of buffer pool size
      #innodb_log_file_size = 5M
      #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
      #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =
      #innodb_lock_wait_timeout =   

        [mysqldump]
        quick
        max_allowed_packet = 16M  

          [mysql]
          no-auto-rehash
          # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
          #safe-updates
          default-character-set=utf8   

        [myisamchk]
        key_buffer_size = 20M
        sort_buffer_size = 20M
        read_buffer = 2M
        write_buffer = 2M  

          [mysqlhotcopy]
          interactive-timeout

　　　　保存并将文件存在至/etc/目录之下，重启mysql服务器，即修改成功，

如果还是不能插入汉字，请重新创建数据库和表。

参考：http://www.jianshu.com/p/628bcf8bb557