[daily][mariadb][mysql] mariadb快速设置

参考: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/MySQL

1. 安装

使用pacman常规安装

2. btrfs 禁用CoW

mariadb的数据文件如果存储在btrfs上的话, 则需要一步特殊的设置

http://www.cnblogs.com/hugetong/p/8459518.html

3. 安装数据库

┬─[tong@T7:~/Data/anthropoid]─[:: PM]
╰─>$ sudo mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql/

4.  启动数据库

┬─[tong@T7:~/Data/anthropoid]─[:: PM]
╰─>$ sudo systemctl start mariadb.service
┬─[tong@T7:~/Data/anthropoid]─[:: PM]
╰─>$ sudo systemctl status mariadb.service
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.1. database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu -- :: CST; 6s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld()
           https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
  Process:  ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)
  Process:  ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`/usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq  ]   && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION=$VA
  Process:  ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)
 Main PID:  (mysqld)
   Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
    Tasks:  (limit: )
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           └─ /usr/bin/mysqld

Feb  :: T7 mysqld[]: -- ::  [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
Feb  :: T7 mysqld[]: -- ::  [Note] InnoDB:  rollback segment(s) are active.
Feb  :: T7 mysqld[]: -- ::  [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
Feb  :: T7 mysqld[]: -- ::  [Note] InnoDB:  Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.36-83.0 started; log sequence number 1616717
Feb  :: T7 mysqld[]: -- ::  [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
Feb  :: T7 mysqld[]: -- ::  [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) not yet started
Feb  :: T7 mysqld[]: -- ::  [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
Feb  :: T7 mysqld[]: -- ::  [Note] /usr/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Feb  :: T7 mysqld[]: Version: '10.1.31-MariaDB'  socket: '/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port:   MariaDB Server
Feb  :: T7 systemd[]: Started MariaDB 10.1. database server.

5. 设置密码之类的

┬─[tong@T7:~/Data/anthropoid]─[:: PM]
╰─>$ mysql_secure_installation 

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

6. 可以用了

┬─[tong@T7:~/Data/anthropoid]─[:: PM]
╰─>$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is
Server version: 10.1.-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) , , Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 

7. 禁止远程访问数据库

因为我就是为了使用gnucash, 本地使用就够了.

┬─[tong@T7:~/Data/anthropoid]─[:: PM]
╰─>$ sudo sed -i "s/#skip-networking/skip-networking/g" /etc/mysql/my.cnf 

改完配置,重启服务, 发现监听端口已经不在了.

─[tong@T7:~/Data/anthropoid]─[:: PM]
╰─>$ sudo netstat -nap |grep mysqld
tcp6              :::                 :::*                    LISTEN      /mysqld
unix        [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING        /mysqld         /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
unix        [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED        /mysqld
┬─[tong@T7:~/Data/anthropoid]─[:: PM]
╰─>$ sudo systemctl restart mariadb.service
┬─[tong@T7:~/Data/anthropoid]─[:: PM]
╰─>$ sudo netstat -nap |grep mysqld
unix        [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING        /mysqld         /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
unix        [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED        /mysqld         

8. 设置自启动

┬─[tong@T7:~/Data/anthropoid]─[:: PM]
╰─>$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

9. 创建数据库

见文档:https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/create-database/

其中,需要注意的是字符集问题, 见: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/setting-character-sets-and-collations/

character-sets很好理解, 但是collations是什么? 用来排序比较大小? 好吧....

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/character-set-and-collation-overview/

A character set is a set of characters while a collation is the rules for comparing and sorting a particular character set.

然而, 在arch上,我的默认就是UTF8MB4, 所以直接create database就行了.

MariaDB [mysql]> show variables like "character_set_server";
+----------------------+---------+
| Variable_name        | Value   |
+----------------------+---------+
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
+----------------------+---------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]> show variables like "collation_server";
+------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name    | Value              |
+------------------+--------------------+
| collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
+------------------+--------------------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)

另外, 有关utf8MB4

嗯, 然后创建gnucash的数据库.

MariaDB [mysql]> create database gnucash;
Query OK,  row affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]> show create database gnucash;
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                                                                |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| gnucash  | CREATE DATABASE `gnucash` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci */ |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 row in set (0.00 sec)

10 创建gnucash用户

文档: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/create-user/

创建用户比创建数据库要稍微复杂一些.

a. account name

Account names have both a user name and a host name, and are specified as 'user_name'@'host_name'.

When you connect to a MariaDB server, your user name and host must match a single account.

The user name and host name may be unquoted, quoted as strings using double quotes (") or single quotes ('), or quoted as identifiers using backticks (`). 
You must use quotes when using special characters (such as a hyphen) or wildcard characters. If you quote, you must quote the user name and host 
name separately (for example 'user_name'@'host_name').

If the host name is not provided, it is assumed to be '%'.

User names must match exactly, including case. You can use the empty string to allow a user with any user name.

建!

MariaDB [mysql]> create user 'gnucash'@'localhost' identified by 'xxxxyyy'
    -> ;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

b. grant

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/grant/

MariaDB [mysql]> grant all privileges on gnucash.* to 'gnucash'@'localhost'
    -> ;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

11 GUI client

找了好多, 除了phpmyadmin, 只有dbeaver可以用... 而且免费.... 但是phpmyadmin需要配http server, 所以还是用dbeaver.

但是dbeaver不能链接本地socket, 必须通过网络,开监听.

$ yaourt -S dbeaver