RMAN备份与恢复之参数文件与控制文件

0 说明

　　本例是基于备份数据库全库的基础上，还原参数据文件(spfile)，控制文件。

1 准备

[oracle@TEST144239 /]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Oct 12 11:58:35 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys/Sina.2015@study as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Enabled

Archive destination            /data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log

Oldest online log sequence     22

Next log sequence to archive   24

Current log sequence           24

1.1检查数据库归档状态

[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ rman target sys/Sina.2015@study

1.2RMAN登陆目标

2 备份数据库

　　通常默认在/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ ，若需要特定指定备份数据存储位置时，可以创建备份数据库存储的目录。

[oracle@TEST144239 /]$ mkdir /data2/backup

2.1创建备份数据存储目录

RMAN>  backup as compressed backupset database plus archivelog;

Starting backup at 12-OCT-15

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

using channel ORA_DISK_2

using channel ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=1 STAMP=892728339

input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=2 STAMP=892736557

input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=3 STAMP=892753270

input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=4 STAMP=892768262

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=5 STAMP=892791995

input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=6 STAMP=892803633

input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=7 STAMP=892815402

input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=8 STAMP=892828012

input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=9 STAMP=892843267

channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=21 RECID=10 STAMP=892857631

input archived log thread=1 sequence=22 RECID=11 STAMP=892882839

input archived log thread=1 sequence=23 RECID=12 STAMP=892891106

input archived log thread=1 sequence=24 RECID=13 STAMP=892900945

input archived log thread=1 sequence=25 RECID=14 STAMP=892901057

input archived log thread=1 sequence=26 RECID=15 STAMP=892901228

input archived log thread=1 sequence=27 RECID=16 STAMP=892901372

input archived log thread=1 sequence=28 RECID=17 STAMP=892901532

channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20151012T145139_c1pp3xr2_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145139 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=29 RECID=18 STAMP=892901677

input archived log thread=1 sequence=30 RECID=19 STAMP=892909146

input archived log thread=1 sequence=31 RECID=20 STAMP=892909170

input archived log thread=1 sequence=32 RECID=21 STAMP=892909211

input archived log thread=1 sequence=33 RECID=22 STAMP=892911098

channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20151012T145139_c1pp3wp6_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145139 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:20

channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20151012T145139_c1pp3ww1_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145139 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:22

channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20151012T145139_c1pp4hhj_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145139 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06

Finished backup at 12-OCT-15

Starting backup at 12-OCT-15

using channel ORA_DISK_1

using channel ORA_DISK_2

using channel ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/data2/orcl/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/data2/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00002 name=/data2/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/data2/orcl/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151012T145203_c1pp4phv_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145203 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151012T145203_c1pp4o7j_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145203 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16

Finished backup at 12-OCT-15

Starting backup at 12-OCT-15

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

using channel ORA_DISK_2

using channel ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=34 RECID=23 STAMP=892911204

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20151012T145325_c1pp76vh_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145325 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 12-OCT-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-OCT-15

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_12/o1_mf_s_892911216_c1pp7o9p_.bkp comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-OCT-15

2.2RMAN备份全库

模拟数据库崩溃，删除控制文件，此时数据库还在继续运行，可能要过一会切换日志崩溃。这里我直接重启一下数据库

[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ cd /data2/orcl

[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ ll

总用量 1666384

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 10月 12 15:15 control01.ctl

drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall      4096 10月 10 10:48 recover_log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10月 12 14:53 redo01.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10月 12 15:08 redo02.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10月 12 15:15 redo03.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 681582592 10月 12 15:14 sysaux01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 754982912 10月 12 15:14 system01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  30416896 10月 12 14:33 temp01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  94380032 10月 12 15:15 undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 10月 12 15:13 users01.dbf

[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ mv control01.ctl control01.ctl.bak

[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ ll

总用量 1666384

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 10月 12 15:15 control01.ctl.bak

drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall      4096 10月 10 10:48 recover_log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10月 12 14:53 redo01.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10月 12 15:08 redo02.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10月 12 15:15 redo03.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 681582592 10月 12 15:15 sysaux01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 754982912 10月 12 15:14 system01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  30416896 10月 12 14:33 temp01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  94380032 10月 12 15:15 undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 10月 12 15:13 users01.dbf

SQL> startup force

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1937457152 bytes

Fixed Size                  2229584 bytes

Variable Size            1241516720 bytes

Database Buffers          687865856 bytes

Redo Buffers                5844992 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

2.3试验(模拟删除控制文件)

3 还原与恢复

$ORACLE_SID查看原来的SID。这里是假设原来$ORACLE_SID没设置的情况下：

[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=test

[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

test

[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Mon Oct 12 15:45:22 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/inittest.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     158662656 bytes

Fixed Size                     2226456 bytes

Variable Size                130025192 bytes

Database Buffers              20971520 bytes

Redo Buffers                   5439488 bytes

此时查看下[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/ 中产生的文件：

[oracle@TEST144239 dbs]$ ll

总用量 9540

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall    1544 10月 12 15:18 hc_orcl.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    2851 5月  15 2009 init.ora

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall       0 10月 12 15:45 lkinsttest

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall      24 10月  9 11:53 lkORCL

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1536 10月  9 12:02 orapworcl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 10月 12 14:53 snapcf_orcl.f

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    2560 10月 12 09:18 spfileorcl.ora

3.1假定没有设置Oracle_SID,设置Oracle_SID启动一个伪实例

从数据库备份集中还原spfile

RMAN> restore spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_12/o1_mf_s_892911216_c1pp7o9p_.bkp'; 

Starting restore at 12-OCT-15

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=429 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_12/o1_mf_s_892911216_c1pp7o9p_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete

Finished restore at 12-OCT-15

此时参数文件恢复完成，此时，在DBS目录下有一个以当前oracle_sid.ora为后缀的参数文件：

[oracle@TEST144239 dbs]$ ll

总用量 9548

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall    1544 10月 12 15:18 hc_orcl.dat

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall    1544 10月 12 15:47 hc_test.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    2851 5月  15 2009 init.ora

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall      24 10月  9 11:53 lkORCL

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1536 10月  9 12:02 orapworcl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 10月 12 14:53 snapcf_orcl.f

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    2560 10月 12 09:18 spfileorcl.ora

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    2560 10月 12 15:47 spfiletest.ora

3.2还原spfile

从数据库备份集中还原控制文件

停掉伪实例，还原原来的参数文件名，原来是ORACLE_SID=orcl

RMAN> shutdown immediate

Oracle instance shut down

[oracle@TEST144239 dbs]$ mv spfiletest.ora spfileorcl.ora

[oracle@TEST144239 dbs]$ ll

总用量 9544

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall    1544 10月 12 15:18 hc_orcl.dat

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall    1544 10月 12 16:08 hc_test.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    2851 5月  15 2009 init.ora

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall      24 10月  9 11:53 lkORCL

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1536 10月  9 12:02 orapworcl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 10月 12 14:53 snapcf_orcl.f

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    2560 10月 12 15:47 spfileorcl.ora

还原控制文件:

[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl

[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Mon Oct 12 16:16:03 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1937457152 bytes

Fixed Size                     2229584 bytes

Variable Size               1241516720 bytes

Database Buffers             687865856 bytes

Redo Buffers                   5844992 bytes

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_12/o1_mf_s_892911216_c1pp7o9p_.bkp'; 

Starting restore at 12-OCT-15

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=63 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

output file name=/data2/orcl/control01.ctl

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl

Finished restore at 12-OCT-15

3.3还原控制文件

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

RMAN> alter database open;

3.4打开数据库

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