git在本地创建远程仓库

类似的博文，在前面的帖子里面也提到过，当时讲述的是一个入门级别的。其URL是ssh://username@repo-host-address/repo-path这种格式。

今天再说说如何创建类似GitHub那种以git@repo-host:/path/proj.git这种放个的远程仓库。这个是不是看起来很酷？？？

其实比较简单：

第一步：在安装git软件。源码安装或者yum等都行。我的版本信息如下

 [root@CloudGame tools]# git --version
 git version 2.6.-rc1

第二步：创建远程仓库目录。看下面的操作就可以很清楚了。就是创建一个文件夹而已。

 [root@CloudGame home]# mkdir -p /data/git

第三步：创建git用户，并设置相关的组及安全。

 [root@CloudGame home]# useradd -r -d /data/git git　　#添加git用户为系统用户，并指定其home目录为/data/git

 [root@CloudGame home]# chown -R git:git /data/git　　 #将git用户的家目录设置为git组，git用户

 [root@CloudGame home]# cd /data
 [root@CloudGame data]# ll
 total
 drwxr-xr-x  git git  Jan  : git
 [root@CloudGame data]# cd git/
 [root@CloudGame git]# ll　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#查看目录内容为空，说明目前里面什么也没有，的确，还没有做任何操作呢。
 total 

第四步：创建一个空的git仓库。并将仓库里面的所有的文件设置为git组，git用户

 [root@CloudGame git]# git init --bare mueas.git　　　　#注意，这里最好带上--bare指定一个空仓库，否则客户端clone后，提交代码时，会遇到错误，要做系列配置
 Initialized empty Git repository in /data/git/mueas.git/
 [root@CloudGame git]# ll
 total
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : mueas.git
 [root@CloudGame git]# ll -al
 total
 drwxr-xr-x  git  git   Jan  : .
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : ..
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : mueas.git
 [root@CloudGame git]# cd mueas.git/
 [root@CloudGame mueas.git]# ll
 total
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : branches
 -rw-r--r--  root root    Jan  : config
 -rw-r--r--  root root    Jan  : description
 -rw-r--r--  root root    Jan  : HEAD
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : hooks
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : info
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : objects
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : refs

 [root@CloudGame git]# chown -R git.git /data/git/*
 [root@CloudGame git]# ll
 total 4
 drwxr-xr-x 7 git git 4096 Jan 20 09:28 mueas.git
 [root@CloudGame git]# cd mueas.git/
 [root@CloudGame mueas.git]# ll
 total 32
 drwxr-xr-x 2 git git 4096 Jan 20 09:28 branches
 -rw-r--r-- 1 git git   66 Jan 20 09:28 config
 -rw-r--r-- 1 git git   73 Jan 20 09:28 description
 -rw-r--r-- 1 git git   23 Jan 20 09:28 HEAD
 drwxr-xr-x 2 git git 4096 Jan 20 09:28 hooks
 drwxr-xr-x 2 git git 4096 Jan 20 09:28 info
 drwxr-xr-x 4 git git 4096 Jan 20 09:28 objects
 drwxr-xr-x 4 git git 4096 Jan 20 09:28 refs

第五步：设置git用户的安全策略，不允许其具有登录系统的权限。修改/etc/passwd文件，找到git用户行，如下红色行为修改后的内容。修改前，是/bin/bash。

 lighttpd:x::::/home/lighttpd:/sbin/nologin
 dockerroot:x:::Docker User:/var/lib/docker:/sbin/nologin
 stack:x::::/opt/stack:/bin/bash
 chrony:x::::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
 git:x::::/data/git:/usr/bin/git-shell
 "/etc/passwd" 56L, 2976C   

第六步：为了能ssh链接，需要在这个远程仓库mueas.git的上一级目录下创建.ssh目录，并将客户端机器上的公钥存放在这个目录里面的authorized_keys文件里面。注意，若是多个客户端要访问，则需要将多个客户机的公钥追加到这个文件的后面。这里，我就在我自己的机器上测试，所以，我只需要将我自己机器的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub文件内容copy到authorized_keys文件里面即可。当然，也可以是dsa格式的文件。【要是客户端用户目录下没有～/.ssh目录，可以通过ssh-keygen -t rsa或ssh-keygen -t dsa进行创建，同时会生成key文件，公私都有】

 [root@CloudGame git]# mkdir .ssh　　　　　　　　#创建.ssh目录，注意目录的层次关系
 [root@CloudGame git]# ll
 total
 drwxr-xr-x  git git  Jan  : mueas.git
 [root@CloudGame git]# ll -al
 total
 drwxr-xr-x  git  git   Jan  : .
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : ..
 drwxr-xr-x  git  git   Jan  : mueas.git
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : .ssh

 [root@CloudGame .ssh]# cd ..　　　　　　　　　　#在.ssh目录下创建authorized_keys文件
 [root@CloudGame git]# cd .ssh
 [root@CloudGame .ssh]# ll -al
 total
 drwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : .
 drwxr-xr-x  git  git   Jan  : ..
 [root@CloudGame .ssh]# vim authorized_keys

 [root@CloudGame tools]# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub　　　　#查看id_rsa.pub内容，并将其显示出来的内容（蓝色部分）copy到/data/git/.ssh/authorized_keys文件里面
 ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAutquVDcyjoxwXzbrgLcu/wlK9SkXykkd5mktSPqA4exUc6flDv5dYzT3sWMYaH4LP/fiT2mhAoPRU8HaejOfnU3+ALunjXBtxr8XDZQDNrHnZ31477IUSBJ6XRlEj+sDVBDujAxGhNpP41B4v/bSpbrkOJGuVhUtcl81V/nKrCwvhpX+mGRviuiIRsv7E8HEb3AZ7hLXibuDP7kSe3M5nO3JOnsE7e3h8Ob7WAmkxPU/bGqALAodrp0vUyyLsdUt1lynauUZmOgaowL9C+eTbEtFQvCrVrRbXz6GE0VfS7WUA7rxtMujIxuh2fdCWIH4J/wuA+ul3qPsKEDa1MiBSQ== root@CloudGame

到此，一个空的远程仓库就算创建好了。可以测试了。我在另外一个terminal下执行git clone这个mueas.git仓库，但是这个时候，比较常见的问题如下：

 [root@CloudGame tmp]# git clone git@109.105.5.108:/data/git/mueas.git
 Cloning into 'mueas'...
 Agent admitted failure to sign using the key.
 git@109.105.5.108's password:
 Permission denied, please try again.

上面这个问题，要求输入密码，不对的话，会再提示输入，一直到正确为止，真是扯淡，输入密码多费劲啊，我都提供了公钥了啊，呵呵，这里遗忘了一步，就是将当前用户的私钥添加到添加到ssh-agent的高速缓存中。看如下操作：

 [root@CloudGame tmp]# ssh-add
 Identity added: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (/root/.ssh/id_rsa)

我再试试，看是不是管用：

 [root@CloudGame tmp]# git clone git@109.105.5.108:/data/git/mueas.git
 Cloning into 'mueas'...
 warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
 Checking connectivity... done.

^_^，是不是搞定，可以正常的clone远端的仓库了。

下面，我是不是要试试，在本地仓库修改一下文件，能否push到远端仓库呢？

 [root@CloudGame mueas]# ll
 total
 -rw-r--r--  root root  Jan  : file.java
 -rw-r--r--  root root   Jan  : test.txt
 [root@CloudGame mueas]# git add file.java
 [root@CloudGame mueas]# git commit -m "New file added"
 [master 7f3f3b0] New file added
   file changed,  insertion(+)
  create mode  file.java
 [root@CloudGame mueas]# git push
 Counting objects: , done.
 Delta compression using up to  threads.
 Compressing objects: % (/), done.
 Writing objects: % (/),  bytes |  bytes/s, done.
 Total  (delta ), reused  (delta )
 To git@109.105.5.108:/data/git/mueas.git
    ..7f3f3b0  master -> master

是不是没有问题，爽吧，下面再看看换一个用户（shihuc）测试的结果。这里需要注意的是，要将shihuc用户目录下的pubkey放入/data/git/.ssh/authorized_keys文件里面哟。很简单，scp拷贝过去然后cat一下，append一下就ok了。不多说这个。

看看这步的clone和修改文件上传文件是否有问题：

 [shihuc@CloudGame Music]$ git clone git@109.105.5.108:/data/git/mueas.git
 Cloning into 'mueas'...
 remote: Counting objects: , done.
 remote: Compressing objects: % (/), done.
 remote: Total  (delta ), reused  (delta )
 Receiving objects: % (/), done.
 Checking connectivity... done.
 [shihuc@CloudGame Music]$ ll
 total
 drwxrwxr-x  shihuc shihuc  Jan  : mueas
 [shihuc@CloudGame Music]$ cd mueas/
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$ ll
 total
 -rw-rw-r--  shihuc shihuc  Jan  : file.java
 -rw-rw-r--  shihuc shihuc   Jan  : test.txt
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$ vim file.java
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$ git status
 On branch master
 Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
 Changes not staged for commit:
   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

     modified:   file.java

 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$ git add file.java
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$ git commit -m "modify with another user"

 *** Please tell me who you are.

 Run

   git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
   git config --global user.name "Your Name"

 to set your account's default identity.
 Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.

 fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got 'shihuc@CloudGame.(none)')
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$ git config --global user.email "shihucx@126.com"
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$ git config --global user.name "shihuc"
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$ git commit -m "modify with another user"
 [master 41d96e1] modify with another user
   file changed,  insertions(+)
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$
 [shihuc@CloudGame mueas]$ git push
 warning: push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in
 Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message
 and maintain the traditional behavior, use:

   git config --global push.default matching

 To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:

   git config --global push.default simple

 When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches
 to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.

 Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'
 behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding
 remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.

 See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further information.
 (the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.. Use the similar mode
 'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)

 Counting objects: , done.
 Delta compression using up to  threads.
 Compressing objects: % (/), done.
 Writing objects: % (/),  bytes |  bytes/s, done.
 Total  (delta ), reused  (delta )
 To git@109.105.5.108:/data/git/mueas.git
    7f3f3b0..41d96e1  master -> master

是不是也没有问题，当然中间有点配置git的问题，就不多说，因为这个用户很少用，所以环境没有怎么配置好。