Reads sequentially from multiple sources

/*
* Copyright (C) 2016 Stephen Ostermiller
* http://ostermiller.org/contact.pl?regarding=Java+Utilities
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.

*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* See COPYING.TXT for details.
*/

import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
* A reader which reads sequentially from multiple sources.
* More information about this class is available from <a target="_top" href=
* "http://ostermiller.org/utils/">ostermiller.org</a>.
*
* @author Stephen Ostermiller http://ostermiller.org/contact.pl?regarding=Java+Utilities
* @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
*/
public class ConcatReader extends Reader {

/**
   * Current index to readerQueue
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.01
   */
  private int readerQueueIndex = 0;

/**
   * Queue of readers that have yet to be read from.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.01
   */
  private ArrayList<Reader> readerQueue = new ArrayList<Reader>();

/**
   * A cache of the current reader from the readerQueue
   * to avoid unneeded access to the queue which must
   * be synchronized.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.01
   */
  private Reader currentReader = null;

/**
   * true iff the client may add more readers.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.01
   */
  private boolean doneAddingReaders = false;

/**
   * Causes the addReader method to throw IllegalStateException
   * and read() methods to return -1 (end of stream)
   * when there is no more available data.
   * <p>
   * Calling this method when this class is no longer accepting
   * more readers has no effect.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.01
   */
  public void lastReaderAdded(){
    doneAddingReaders = true;
  }

/**
   * Add the given reader to the queue of readers from which to
   * concatenate data.
   *
   * @param in Reader to add to the concatenation.
   * @throws IllegalStateException if more readers can't be added because lastReaderAdded() has been called, close() has been called, or a constructor with reader parameters was used.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.01
   */
  public void addReader(Reader in){
    synchronized(readerQueue){
      if (in == null) throw new NullPointerException();
      if (closed) throw new IllegalStateException("ConcatReader has been closed");
      if (doneAddingReaders) throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot add more readers - the last reader has already been added.");
      readerQueue.add(in);
    }
  }

/**
   * Add the given reader to the queue of readers from which to
   * concatenate data.
   *
   * @param in Reader to add to the concatenation.
   * @throws IllegalStateException if more readers can't be added because lastReaderAdded() has been called, close() has been called, or a constructor with reader parameters was used.
   * @throws NullPointerException the array of readers, or any of the contents is null.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.01
   */
  public void addReaders(Reader[] in){
    for (Reader element: in) {
      addReader(element);
    }
  }

/**
   * Gets the current reader, looking at the next
   * one in the list if the current one is null.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.01
   */
  private Reader getCurrentReader(){
    if (currentReader == null && readerQueueIndex < readerQueue.size()){
      synchronized(readerQueue){
        // reader queue index is advanced only by the nextReader()
        // method.  Don't do it here.
        currentReader = readerQueue.get(readerQueueIndex);
      }
    }
    return currentReader;
  }

/**
   * Indicate that we are done with the current reader and we should
   * advance to the next reader.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.01
   */
  private void advanceToNextReader(){
    currentReader = null;
    readerQueueIndex++;
  }

/**
   * True iff this the close() method has been called on this stream.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  private boolean closed = false;

/**
   * Create a new reader that can dynamically accept new sources.
   * <p>
   * New sources should be added using the addReader() method.
   * When all sources have been added the lastReaderAdded() should
   * be called so that read methods can return -1 (end of stream).
   * <p>
   * Adding new sources may by interleaved with read calls.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.01
   */
  public ConcatReader(){
    // Empty Constructor
  }

/**
   * Create a new reader with one source.
   * <p>
   * When using this constructor, more readers cannot
   * be added later, and calling addReader() will
   * throw an illegal state Exception.
   *
   * @param in reader to use as a source.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if in is null
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  public ConcatReader(Reader in){
    addReader(in);
    lastReaderAdded();
  }

/**
   * Create a new reader with two sources.
   * <p>
   * When using this constructor, more readers cannot
   * be added later, and calling addReader() will
   * throw an illegal state Exception.
   *
   * @param in1 first reader to use as a source.
   * @param in2 second reader to use as a source.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if either source is null.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  public ConcatReader(Reader in1, Reader in2){
    addReader(in1);
    addReader(in2);
    lastReaderAdded();
  }

/**
   * Create a new reader with an arbitrary number of sources.
   * <p>
   * When using this constructor, more readers cannot
   * be added later, and calling addReader() will
   * throw an illegal state Exception.
   *
   * @param in readers to use as a sources.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if the input array on any element is null.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  public ConcatReader(Reader[] in){
    addReaders(in);
    lastReaderAdded();
  }

/**
   * Read a single character. This method will block until a
   * character is available, an I/O error occurs, or the end of all underlying
   * streams are reached.
   * <p>
   * If this class in not done accepting readers and the end of the last known
   * stream is reached, this method will block forever unless another thread
   * adds a reader or interrupts.
   *
   * @return The character read, as an integer in the range 0 to 65535 (0x00-0xffff),
   *    or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached
   *
   * @throws IOException - If an I/O error occurs
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  @Override public int read() throws IOException {
    if (closed) throw new IOException("Reader closed");
    int r = -1;
    while (r == -1){
      Reader in = getCurrentReader();
      if (in == null){
        if (doneAddingReaders) return -1;
        try {
          Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException iox){
          throw new IOException("Interrupted");
        }
      } else {
        r = in.read();
        if (r == -1) advanceToNextReader();
      }
    }
    return r;
  }

/**
   * Read characters into an array. This method will block until some input is available, an
   * I/O error occurs, or the end of all underlying
   * streams are reached.
   * <p>
   * If this class in not done accepting readers and the end of the last known
   * stream is reached, this method will block forever unless another thread
   * adds a reader or interrupts.
   *
   * @param cbuf - Destination buffer
   * @return The number of characters read, or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached
   *
   * @throws IOException - If an I/O error occurs
   * @throws NullPointerException - If the buffer is null.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  @Override public int read(char[] cbuf) throws IOException {
    return read(cbuf, 0, cbuf.length);
  }

/**
   * Read characters into a portion of an array. This method will block until
   * some input is available, an I/O error occurs, or the end of all underlying
   * streams are reached.
   * <p>
   * If this class in not done accepting readers and the end of the last known
   * stream is reached, this method will block forever unless another thread
   * adds a reader or interrupts.
   *
   * @param cbuf Destination buffer
   * @param off Offset at which to start storing characters
   * @param len Maximum number of characters to read
   * @return The number of characters read, or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached
   *
   * @throws IOException - If an I/O error occurs
   * @throws NullPointerException - If the buffer is null.
   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException - if length or offset are not possible.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  @Override public int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    if (off < 0 || len < 0 || off + len > cbuf.length) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
    if (closed) throw new IOException("Reader closed");
    int r = -1;
    while (r == -1){
      Reader in = getCurrentReader();
      if (in == null){
        if (doneAddingReaders) return -1;
        try {
          Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException iox){
          throw new IOException("Interrupted");
        }
      } else {
        r = in.read(cbuf, off, len);
        if (r == -1) advanceToNextReader();
      }
    }
    return r;
  }

/**
   * Skip characters. This method will block until some characters are
   * available, an I/O error occurs, or the end of the stream is reached.
   * <p>
   * If this class in not done accepting readers and the end of the last known
   * stream is reached, this method will block forever unless another thread
   * adds a reader or interrupts.
   *
   * @param n the number of characters to skip
   * @return The number of characters actually skipped
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If n is negative.
   * @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  @Override public long skip(long n) throws IOException {
    if (closed) throw new IOException("Reader closed");
    if (n <= 0) return 0;
    long s = -1;
    while (s <= 0){
      Reader in = getCurrentReader();
      if (in == null){
        if (doneAddingReaders) return 0;
        try {
          Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException iox){
          throw new IOException("Interrupted");
        }
      } else {
        s = in.skip(n);
        // When nothing was skipped it is a bit of a puzzle.
        // The most common cause is that the end of the underlying
        // stream was reached.  In which case calling skip on it
        // will always return zero.  If somebody were calling skip
        // until it skipped everything they needed, there would
        // be an infinite loop if we were to return zero here.
        // If we get zero, let us try to read one character so
        // we can see if we are at the end of the stream.  If so,
        // we will move to the next.
        if (s <= 0) {
          // read() will advance to the next stream for us, so don't do it again
          s = ((read()==-1)?-1:1);
        }
      }

}
    return s;
  }

/**
   * Tell whether this stream is ready to be read.
   *
   * @return True if the next read() is guaranteed not to block for input,
   *    false otherwise. Note that returning false does not guarantee that the next
   *    read will block.
   *
   * @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  @Override public boolean ready() throws IOException {
    if (closed) throw new IOException("Reader closed");
    Reader in = getCurrentReader();
    if (in == null) return false;
    return in.ready();
  }

/**
   * Close the stream and any underlying streams.
   * Once a stream has been closed, further read(), ready(), mark(), or reset()
   * invocations will throw an IOException. Closing a previously-closed stream,
   * however, has no effect.
   *
   * @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  @Override public void close() throws IOException {
    if (closed) return;
    for (Reader reader: readerQueue) {
      reader.close();
    }
    closed = true;
  }

/**
   * Mark not supported.
   *
   * @throws IOException because mark is not supported.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  @Override public void mark(int readlimit) throws IOException {
    throw new IOException("Mark not supported");
  }

/**
   * Reset not supported.
   *
   * @throws IOException because reset is not supported.
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  @Override public void reset() throws IOException {
    throw new IOException("Reset not supported");
  }

/**
   * Mark not supported.
   *
   * @return false
   *
   * @since ostermillerutils 1.04.00
   */
  @Override public boolean markSupported(){
    return false;
  }
}