ubuntu安装成功之后需要做些什么？

1.安装VMtool

　　1.1打开虚拟机之后-> 安装VMtool

　　1.2 点击之后，桌面就会出现一个VMtool光驱文件，如果提示光驱被占用就先用root登录

　　1.3在命令行挂载

　　　　sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

　　　　cd /mnt

　　　　cp VMwareTools-10.0.10-43....tar.gz -C /tmp

　　　　cd  /tmp/VMware-tools-distrib

　　　　./vmware-install.pl

安装过程中除了【no】，其余都回车，【no】就输入yes

　　VMware-toolt工具作用：

　　　　A. 全屏显示

　　　　B. 在物理机与虚拟机方便移动复制粘贴

2.配置源和更新系统

　　2.1sudo vim /etc/apt/source.list

　　　　原来的：

　　　　

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 14.04. LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Beta i386 ()]/ trusty main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb-src http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb-src http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb-src http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb-src http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
deb-src http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted
deb-src http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted
deb http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe
deb-src http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe
deb http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-security multiverse
deb-src http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ trusty-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main

　　　　2.3 我们把他更改为国内的阿里云源

　　　　更改后（更改前记得要对原来那份保存为sources.list.save）　　　　

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 14.04. LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Beta i386 ()]/ trusty main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main

3. 在终端输入 apt-get update

　　　　3.1 如果发现没有数字签名（一般会出现在kail系统）

　　　　3.2 解决：

#sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keysED444FF07D8D0BF6

　　　　3.3 apt-get update(更新会下载很多资源)

　　　　3.4 apt-get upgrade(更新系统)

　　　

4. 配置静态地址

　　4.1 输入ifconfig/ip route

　　4.2 打开网卡配置文件：

　　　　其中lo代表本地环路网卡，注释它也可以，因为默认就是原来，同样，修改记得备份interface.save

　　4.3 在修改静态网络时，需要对虚拟机网关指定ip一致才可以正常访问到其他的局域网，如果不对应，则网关出错，出现你访问不了其他局域网主机，但其他局域网主机可以访问你ip：

　　

　　使用下面的命令则可以生效:

　　sudo ifconfig eth0 down
　　sudo ifconfig eth0 up

　　如果不得，只能reboot

5.配置ssh  >> http://www.cnblogs.com/guguobao/p/7895680.html

6. 修改root用户密码

　　　6.1 安装ubuntu之后，我们通过命令su切换为root用户，但密码不知道，可以通过执行：sudo passwd修改unix密码：