PXE安装操作系统

TFTP服务

用PXE安装操作系统依赖于DHCP服务和TFTP服务

网卡一般都内置的TFTP客户端的程序

systemctl enable tftp     systemctl enable  dhcpd

 [root@centos7 dhcp]# yum install tftp-server
 [root@centos7 dhcp]# rpm -ql tftp-server
 /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
 /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service
 /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket
 /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
 /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2
 /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/CHANGES
 /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/README
 /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/README.security
 /usr/share/man/man8/in.tftpd..gz
 /usr/share/man/man8/tftpd..gz
 /var/lib/tftpboot
 #安装客户端
 [root@yxh6 ~]# yum install tftp
 [root@yxh6 ~]# tftp 192.168.231.7
 tftp> get file
 #file存在服务端的/var/lib/tftpboot目录下

TFTP配置

搭建PXE服务器

[root@centos7 html]#yum install httpd
[root@centos7 html]# systemctl start httpd
[root@centos7 html]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sr0             /var/www/html/centos7          iso9660       defautls
[root@centos7 html]# mount -a
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos7 html]# mkdir ksdir{,}
[root@centos7 html]# ls
centos6  centos7  ksdir6  ksdir7
[root@centos7 html]# cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg ksdir7/ks7_desktop.cfg
[root@centos7 html]# cd ksdir7
[root@centos7 ksdir7]# ls
ks7_desktop.cfg
[root@centos7 ksdir7]# ll
total
-rw-------  root root  May  : ks7_desktop.cfg
[root@centos7 ksdir7]# chmod  ks7_desktop.cfg
[root@centos7 ksdir7]# ll
total
-rw-r--r--  root root  May  : ks7_desktop.cfg

准备yum源和ks文件

[root@centos7 dhcp]# vi dhcpd.conf
#配置和自动安装系统相关的配置

subnet 192.168.231.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
  range 192.168.231.10 192.168.231.20;
  option routers 192.168.231.254;
  next-server 192.168.231.7;
  filename "pxelinux.0";
}

[root@centos7 dhcp]# systemctl restart dhcpd.service
[root@centos7 dhcp]# systemctl enable dhcpd httpd

配置DHCP

 [root@centos7 dhcp]# yum install  tftp-server syslinux
 [root@centos7 dhcp]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot
 [root@centos7 tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg/
 #pxelinux. 文件来自于 syslinux软件包,必须先安装syslinux
 [root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.  .
 [root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/centos7/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img,vesamenu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/
 [root@centos7 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos7/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
 [root@centos7 pxelinux.cfg]# vi default
 label linux
   menu label ^Install Desktop7
   kernel vmlinuz
   append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.231.7/ksdir7/ks7_desktop.cfg
 [root@centos7 pxelinux.cfg]#systemctl enable tftp.socket
 [root@centos7 pxelinux.cfg]#systemctl start  tftp

配置TFTP

 #version=DEVEL
 # System authorization information
 auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
 # Use CDROM installation media
 url --url=http://192.168.231.7/centos7
 # Use graphical install
 #graphical
 text
 # Run the Setup Agent on first boot
 firstboot --enable
 ignoredisk --only-use=sda
 # Keyboard layouts
 keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
 # System language
 lang en_US.UTF-
 reboot
 # Network information
 network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=on --ipv6=auto --no-activate
 network  --hostname=centosmy7.localdomain

 # Root password
 rootpw --iscrypted $$RzUIKaLkncGUm9SL$FtuXzR8IpSz2OEQp.LlDrDH1O62SMrZ/Gj06iTSNqlxWma/aHf21lpikhNln6UgNyuL/HqGUrM45feTBkMC1T0
 # System services
 services --disabled="chronyd"
 # System timezone
 timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
 # X Window System configuration information
 xconfig  --startxonboot
 # System bootloader configuration
 bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
 zerombr
 # Partition clearing information
 clearpart --none --initlabel
 # Disk partitioning information
 part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=
 part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=
 part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=
 part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=

 %packages
 @base
 @core
 @dial-up
 @fonts
 @guest-agents
 @print-client
 @x11
 kexec-tools

 %end

 %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

 %end

 %anaconda
 pwpolicy root --minlen= --minquality= --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
 pwpolicy user --minlen= --minquality= --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
 pwpolicy luks --minlen= --minquality= --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
 %end

 %post
  systemctl disable initial-setup.service
  systemctl  disable  initial-setup-graphical.service
  systemctl set-default multi-user.target
  mkdir -p /root/oscreate
  useradd laozijiadeuser
 %end

ks文件示例

新创建一个虚拟机，把网卡的网段设置成和服务器为同一个网段,启动机器出现下图

PXE安装多个版本的系统

安装不同版本的操作系统,需要分别拷贝对应的内核文件和ks文件,不能混合使用

mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux. /var/lib/tftpboot/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos{,}

cp  /var/www/html/centos//isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7/
cp  /var/www/html/centos//isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6/

cp /var/www/html/centos//isolinux/isolinux.cfg  /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 

cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default menu.c32
timeout 

menu title www.yxh.com

label centos7
  menu label ^Install  Desktop CentOS
  kernel centos7/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.30.17/ksdir/ks7_desktop.cfg

label centos6
  menu label install ^Mini CentOS
  menu default
  kernel centos6/vmlinuz
  append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.30.17/ksdir/ks6_mini.cfg
label local
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xffff
menu end

代码示例

 tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
 /var/lib/tftpboot/
 ├── centos6
 │├── initrd.img
 │└── vmlinuz
 ├── centos7
 │├── initrd.img
 │ └── vmlinuz
 ├── menu.c32
 ├── pxelinux.
 └── pxelinux.cfg
     └── default

文件结构目录

Linux配置服务的一般步骤

1.检查防火墙和selinux
2.安装包
3.启动服务
4.检查服务是否成功启动
5.在客户端执行命令测试
6.每个服务都有自己的工作主目录