java多线程----拒绝策略

本章介绍线程池的拒绝策略。内容包括：
拒绝策略介绍
拒绝策略对比和示例

转载请注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/3512947.html

拒绝策略介绍

线程池的拒绝策略，是指当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝，而采取的处理措施。
当任务添加到线程池中之所以被拒绝，可能是由于：第一，线程池异常关闭。第二，任务数量超过线程池的最大限制。

线程池共包括4种拒绝策略，它们分别是：AbortPolicy, CallerRunsPolicy, DiscardOldestPolicy和DiscardPolicy。

AbortPolicy         -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，它将抛出 RejectedExecutionException 异常。
CallerRunsPolicy    -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，会在线程池当前正在运行的Thread线程池中处理被拒绝的任务。
DiscardOldestPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，线程池会放弃等待队列中最旧的未处理任务，然后将被拒绝的任务添加到等待队列中。
DiscardPolicy       -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时，线程池将丢弃被拒绝的任务。

线程池默认的处理策略是AbortPolicy！

拒绝策略对比和示例

下面通过示例，分别演示线程池的4种拒绝策略。
1. DiscardPolicy 示例
2. DiscardOldestPolicy 示例
3. AbortPolicy 示例
4. CallerRunsPolicy 示例

1. DiscardPolicy 示例

 1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
 3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy;
 6
 7 public class DiscardPolicyDemo {
 8
 9     private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
10     private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
11
12     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
13
14         // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
15         ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
16                 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
17         // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"丢弃"
18         pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
19
20         // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
21         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
22             Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
23             pool.execute(myrun);
24         }
25         // 关闭线程池
26         pool.shutdown();
27     }
28 }
29
30 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
31     private String name;
32     public MyRunnable(String name) {
33         this.name = name;
34     }
35     @Override
36     public void run() {
37         try {
38             System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
39             Thread.sleep(100);
40         } catch (Exception e) {
41             e.printStackTrace();
42         }
43     }
44 }

运行结果：

task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.

结果说明：线程池pool的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，这意味着"线程池能同时运行的任务数量最大只能是1"。
线程池pool的阻塞队列是ArrayBlockingQueue，ArrayBlockingQueue是一个有界的阻塞队列，ArrayBlockingQueue的容量为1。这也意味着线程池的阻塞队列只能有一个线程池阻塞等待。
根据""中分析的execute()代码可知：线程池中共运行了2个任务。第1个任务直接放到Worker中，通过线程去执行；第2个任务放到阻塞队列中等待。其他的任务都被丢弃了！

2. DiscardOldestPolicy 示例

 1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
 3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy;
 6
 7 public class DiscardOldestPolicyDemo {
 8
 9     private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
10     private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
11
12     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
13
14         // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
15         ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
16                 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
17         // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"DiscardOldestPolicy"
18         pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
19
20         // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
21         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
22             Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
23             pool.execute(myrun);
24         }
25         // 关闭线程池
26         pool.shutdown();
27     }
28 }
29
30 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
31     private String name;
32     public MyRunnable(String name) {
33         this.name = name;
34     }
35     @Override
36     public void run() {
37         try {
38             System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
39             Thread.sleep(200);
40         } catch (Exception e) {
41             e.printStackTrace();
42         }
43     }
44 }

运行结果：

task-0 is running.
task-9 is running.

结果说明：将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为DiscardOldestPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，线程池会丢弃阻塞队列中末尾的任务，然后将被拒绝的任务添加到末尾。

3. AbortPolicy 示例

 1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
 3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy;
 6 import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
 7
 8 public class AbortPolicyDemo {
 9
10     private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
11     private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
12
13     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
14
15         // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
16         ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
17                 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
18         // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"抛出异常"
19         pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
20
21         try {
22
23             // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
24             for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
25                 Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
26                 pool.execute(myrun);
27             }
28         } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
29             e.printStackTrace();
30             // 关闭线程池
31             pool.shutdown();
32         }
33     }
34 }
35
36 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
37     private String name;
38     public MyRunnable(String name) {
39         this.name = name;
40     }
41     @Override
42     public void run() {
43         try {
44             System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
45             Thread.sleep(200);
46         } catch (Exception e) {
47             e.printStackTrace();
48         }
49     }
50 }

(某一次)运行结果：

java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1774)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:768)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:656)
    at AbortPolicyDemo.main(AbortPolicyDemo.java:27)
task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.

结果说明：将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为AbortPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，会抛出RejectedExecutionException。

4. CallerRunsPolicy 示例

 1 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 2 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
 3 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
 4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 5 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy;
 6
 7 public class CallerRunsPolicyDemo {
 8
 9     private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
10     private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
11
12     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
13
14         // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE)，"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
15         ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
16                 new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
17         // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"CallerRunsPolicy"
18         pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
19
20         // 新建10个任务，并将它们添加到线程池中。
21         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
22             Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
23             pool.execute(myrun);
24         }
25
26         // 关闭线程池
27         pool.shutdown();
28     }
29 }
30
31 class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
32     private String name;
33     public MyRunnable(String name) {
34         this.name = name;
35     }
36     @Override
37     public void run() {
38         try {
39             System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
40             Thread.sleep(100);
41         } catch (Exception e) {
42             e.printStackTrace();
43         }
44     }
45 }

(某一次)运行结果：

task-2 is running.
task-3 is running.
task-4 is running.
task-5 is running.
task-6 is running.
task-7 is running.
task-8 is running.
task-9 is running.
task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.

结果说明：将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为CallerRunsPolicy之后，当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时，线程池会将被拒绝的任务添加到"线程池正在运行的线程"中取运行。