Ant 命令行编译Android项目

首先把android sdk下的tools目录加到系统path环境变量里, 要么就得直接指定android.bat的绝对路径

对于一个新项目, 可以用这个命令创建需要的ant编译环境(可以看到android项目默认的文件结构)

android create project -k com.foo -a Test1 -t android- -p d:\temp

如果是已经存在的项目, 对主项目和子项目都运行

项目目录> android update project -s -p . -t android-

-s 是因为带子项目

-t 是指定目标版本, 版本不对会导致编译失败

其中

build.xml 是ant任务文件, 基本不用修改

custom_rules.xml 对于需要自行配置的编译任务, 写到这个文件里, 会被build.xml加载

ant.properties ant运行中涉及的变量写到这里

local.properties 里面设定了sdk.dir的路径, 不用修改

project.properties 设定了编译目标和项目类型, 如果有子项目的话, 还有子项目的路径, 不用修改

然后执行下面的命令就进行编译了

项目目录>D:\apache-ant-1.8.\bin\ant.bat clean
项目目录>D:\apache-ant-1.8.\bin\ant.bat release

根据中途报的错, 再做调整

如果子项目编译出错, 可以分别在子项目目录下运行ant clean 和 ant release, 直到排除错误

两个相似的custom_rules.xml 例子

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="custom_rules">

    <property name="generated.dir" value="gen" />
    <property name="generated.absolute.dir" location="${generated.dir}" />
    <property name="java.compilerargs" value="-s &apos;${generated.absolute.dir}&apos;" />    

    <target name="-pre-compile">
        <mkdir dir="${generated.absolute.dir}" />
    </target>

    <target name="-compile" depends="-build-setup, -pre-build, -code-gen, -pre-compile">
        <do-only-if-manifest-hasCode elseText="hasCode = false. Skipping...">
            <!-- merge the project's own classpath and the tested project's classpath -->
            <path id="project.javac.classpath">
                <path refid="project.all.jars.path" />
                <path refid="tested.project.classpath" />
                <fileset dir="compile-libs" includes="*.jar"/>
            </path>
            <javac encoding="${java.encoding}"
                   source="${java.source}" target="${java.target}"
                   debug="true" extdirs="" includeantruntime="false"
                   destdir="${out.classes.absolute.dir}"
                   bootclasspathref="project.target.class.path"
                   verbose="${verbose}"
                   classpathref="project.javac.classpath"
                   fork="${need.javac.fork}">
                <src path="${source.absolute.dir}" />
                <src path="${gen.absolute.dir}" />
                <compilerarg line="${java.compilerargs}" />
            </javac>

            <!-- if the project is instrumented, intrument the classes -->
            <if condition="${build.is.instrumented}">
                <then>
                    <echo level="info">Instrumenting classes from ${out.absolute.dir}/classes...</echo>

                    <!-- build the filter to remove R, Manifest, BuildConfig -->
                    <getemmafilter
                            appPackage="${project.app.package}"
                            libraryPackagesRefId="project.library.packages"
                            filterOut="emma.default.filter"/>

                    <!-- define where the .em file is going. This may have been
                         setup already if this is a library -->
                    <property name="emma.coverage.absolute.file" location="${out.absolute.dir}/coverage.em" />

                    <!-- It only instruments class files, not any external libs -->
                    <emma enabled="true">
                        <instr verbosity="${verbosity}"
                               mode="overwrite"
                               instrpath="${out.absolute.dir}/classes"
                               outdir="${out.absolute.dir}/classes"
                               metadatafile="${emma.coverage.absolute.file}">
                            <filter excludes="${emma.default.filter}" />
                            <filter value="${emma.filter}" />
                        </instr>
                    </emma>
                </then>
            </if>

            <!-- if the project is a library then we generate a jar file -->
            <if condition="${project.is.library}">
                <then>
                    <echo level="info">Creating library output jar file...</echo>
                    <property name="out.library.jar.file" location="${out.absolute.dir}/classes.jar" />
                    <if>
                        <condition>
                            <length string="${android.package.excludes}" trim="true" when="greater" length="0" />
                        </condition>
                        <then>
                            <echo level="info">Custom jar packaging exclusion: ${android.package.excludes}</echo>
                        </then>
                    </if>

                    <propertybyreplace name="project.app.package.path" input="${project.app.package}" replace="." with="/" />

                    <jar destfile="${out.library.jar.file}">
                        <fileset dir="${out.classes.absolute.dir}"
                                 includes="**/*.class"
                                 excludes="${project.app.package.path}/R.class ${project.app.package.path}/R$*.class ${project.app.package.path}/BuildConfig.class"/>
                        <fileset dir="${source.absolute.dir}" excludes="**/*.java ${android.package.excludes}" />
                    </jar>
                </then>
            </if>

        </do-only-if-manifest-hasCode>
    </target>    

</project>

另一个

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="app_project" default="help">
    <property name="generated.dir" value=".apt_generated" />
    <property name="generated.absolute.dir" location="${generated.dir}" />
    <property name="java.compilerargs" value="-s &apos;${generated.absolute.dir}&apos;" />

    <target name="-pre-compile">
        <mkdir dir="${generated.absolute.dir}" />
    </target>

    <!-- Compiles this project's .java files into .class files. -->
    <target name="-compile" depends="-pre-build, -build-setup, -code-gen, -pre-compile">
        <do-only-if-manifest-hasCode elseText="hasCode = false. Skipping...">
            <!-- merge the project's own classpath and the tested project's classpath -->
            <path id="project.javac.classpath">
                <path refid="project.all.jars.path" />
                <path refid="tested.project.classpath" />
                <path path="${java.compiler.classpath}" />
                <fileset dir="compile-libs" includes="*.jar" />
            </path>
            <javac encoding="${java.encoding}"
                source="${java.source}" target="${java.target}"
                debug="true" extdirs="" includeantruntime="false"
                destdir="${out.classes.absolute.dir}"
                bootclasspathref="project.target.class.path"
                verbose="${verbose}"
                classpathref="project.javac.classpath"
                fork="${need.javac.fork}">
                <src path="${source.absolute.dir}" />
                <src path="${gen.absolute.dir}" />
                <compilerarg line="${java.compilerargs}" />
            </javac>

            <!-- if the project is instrumented, intrument the classes -->
            <if condition="${build.is.instrumented}">
                <then>
                    <echo level="info">Instrumenting classes from ${out.absolute.dir}/classes...</echo>

                    <!-- build the filter to remove R, Manifest, BuildConfig -->
                    <getemmafilter
                        appPackage="${project.app.package}"
                        libraryPackagesRefId="project.library.packages"
                        filterOut="emma.default.filter"/>

                    <!-- define where the .em file is going. This may have been setup already if this is a library -->
                    <property name="emma.coverage.absolute.file" location="${out.absolute.dir}/coverage.em" />

                    <!-- It only instruments class files, not any external libs -->
                    <emma enabled="true">
                        <instr verbosity="${verbosity}"
                            mode="overwrite"
                            instrpath="${out.absolute.dir}/classes"
                            outdir="${out.absolute.dir}/classes"
                            metadatafile="${emma.coverage.absolute.file}">
                            <filter excludes="${emma.default.filter}" />
                            <filter value="${emma.filter}" />
                        </instr>
                    </emma>
                </then>
            </if>

            <!-- if the project is a library then we generate a jar file -->
            <if condition="${project.is.library}">
                <then>
                    <echo level="info">Creating library output jar file...</echo>
                    <property name="out.library.jar.file" location="${out.absolute.dir}/classes.jar" />
                    <if>
                        <condition>
                            <length string="${android.package.excludes}" trim="true" when="greater" length="0" />
                        </condition>
                        <then>
                            <echo level="info">Custom jar packaging exclusion: ${android.package.excludes}</echo>
                        </then>
                    </if>

                    <propertybyreplace name="project.app.package.path" input="${project.app.package}" replace="." with="/" />

                    <jar destfile="${out.library.jar.file}">
                        <fileset dir="${out.classes.absolute.dir}"
                            includes="**/*.class"
                            excludes="${project.app.package.path}/R.class ${project.app.package.path}/R$*.class ${project.app.package.path}/BuildConfig.class"/>
                        <fileset dir="${source.absolute.dir}" excludes="**/*.java ${android.package.excludes}" />
                    </jar>
                </then>
            </if>

        </do-only-if-manifest-hasCode>
    </target>
</project>

ant.properties的例子, 和上面的xml是对应的

key.store=D:/workAndroid/files/android_key.store
key.alias=alia
key.store.password=
key.alias.password=
java.encoding=UTF-
java.target=
java.source=

在生成的apk中使用版本号文件名, 而不是用默认的 xxx-release.apk

http://jeffreysambells.com/2013/02/14/build-your-android-apk-with-the-manifest-version-number

    <target name="-set-release-mode"
        depends="rename-release-with-version-number,android_rules.-set-release-mode">
        <echo message="target: ${build.target}"></echo>
    </target>

    <target name="rename-release-with-version-number">
        <xmlproperty file="AndroidManifest.xml" prefix="themanifest" collapseAttributes="true"/>
        <!--  see ${sdk.dir}/tools/ant/build.xml -set-release-mode -->
        <property name="out.packaged.file"
            location="${out.absolute.dir}/${ant.project.name}-${themanifest.manifest.android:versionName}-release-unsigned.apk" />
        <property name="out.final.file"
            location="${out.absolute.dir}/${ant.project.name}-${themanifest.manifest.android:versionName}-release.apk" />
    </target>

The -set-release-mode target overrides the same target in ${sdk.dir}/tools/ant/build.xml where the out.final.file file name is originally defined. To add the version number, I override -set-release-mode by calling my rename-release-with-version-number target in the dependencies and then calling the original android_rules.-set-release-mode to finish any other setup there.

The rename-release-with-version-number target simply reads in the manifest and adds the version number to both out.final.file and out.packaged.file.

Now the build APK is ProjectName-version-release.apk and it’s automatically used by the rest of the ant build process without clumsy file renaming.