一、XtraBackup安装

下载地址：http://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/XtraBackup-2.2.8/source/

安装步骤：

================================

How to build XtraBackup on Linux

================================

Prerequisites

-------------
$ yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio-devel automake autoconf bzr bison libtool ncurses5-devel

Compiling with CMake

--------------------

$ cmake -DBUILD_CONFIG=xtrabackup_release && make -j4

Installation

------------

$ make install

will install all XtraBackup binaries, the innobackupex script and tests to /usr/local/xtrabackup. You can override this either with “make DESTDIR=... install” or by changing the installation layout with “cmake -DINSTALL_LAYOUT=...”.

如果出现下面报错，需要 yum install crypt* ; yum install libgcrypt*

CMake Error at cmake/gcrypt.cmake: (MESSAGE):

  Cannot find gcrypt.h in /usr/include;/usr/local/include;/opt/local/include.

  You can use libgcrypt-config --cflags to get the necessary path and pass it

  to CMake with -DGCRYPT_INCLUDE_PATH=<path>

Call Stack (most recent call first):

  storage/innobase/xtrabackup/src/CMakeLists.txt: (FIND_GCRYPT)

CMake Error at cmake/gcrypt.cmake: (MESSAGE):

  Cannot find libgcrypt shared libraries in

  /usr/lib;/usr/local/lib;/opt/local/lib.  You can use libgcrypt-config

  --libs to get the necessary path and pass it to CMake with

  -DGCRYPT_LIB_PATH=<path>

Call Stack (most recent call first):

  storage/innobase/xtrabackup/src/CMakeLists.txt: (FIND_GCRYPT)

二、xtrabackup全备测试

普通备份(全量备份)
[root@server mysql]# mkdir /data/mysql/databak
[root@server mysql]# xtrabackup --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/data/mysql/databak/
[root@server mysql]# cp -rp data/test/students.frm databak/test/
注意：xtrabackup只备份数据文件，并不备份数据表结构(.frm)，所以这里要手动备份一下，以便xtrabackup恢复的时候使用，如果是做了分表分文件保存的话，就需要挑出.frm表结构，表数据文件.ibd不需要复制

全量备份恢复
实施对备份文件进行恢复前的准备
[root@server mysql]# xtrabackup --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/data/mysql/databak/
从备份目录复制对应数据库表结构到默认的数据目录[如果是做了分表分文件，则需要全部复制到默认的数据目录]
cp -r /data/mysql/databak/test /data/mysql/data/
删除默认数据目录中对应的数据文件并复制备份的数据文件到默认数据目录
rm /data/mysql/data/ib*
cp /data/mysql/databak/ib* /data/mysql/data/
修改数据目录权限[注意细节：mysql库的所有者是mysql，组是root]
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data
重启MySQL
[root@server data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

三、xtrabackup增量备份测试

1. 全备
[root@server databak]# mkdir /data/mysql/databak/
[root@server mysql]# xtrabackup --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/data/mysql/databak/
[root@server mysql]# cp -rp data/test/students.frm databak/test/
2. 增量备份
[root@server databak]# mkdir /data/mysql/databak/delta/
[root@server databak]# xtrabackup --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --backup --incremental-basedir=/data/mysql/databak/ --target-dir=/data/mysql/databak/delta/

3. 备份恢复准备[这里没有完成增量备份，增量备份数据恢复失败]

[root@server data]# xtrabackup --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/data/mysql/databak/
[root@server data]# xtrabackup --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/data/mysql/databak/ --incremental-dir/=/data/mysql/databak/delta/

4. 恢复数据库

从备份目录复制对应数据库表结构到默认的数据目录[如果是做了分表分文件，则需要全部复制到默认的数据目录]
cp -r /data/mysql/databak/test /data/mysql/data/
删除默认数据目录中对应的数据文件并复制备份的数据文件到默认数据目录
rm /data/mysql/data/ib*
cp /data/mysql/databak/ib* /data/mysql/data/
修改数据目录权限[注意细节：mysql库的所有者是mysql，组是root]
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data

四、用innobackupex 执行全备与增量备份

innobackupex全备和增量备份
1. 全备

[root@server mysql]# innobackupex --user=root --password=redhat /data/mysql/databak/

innobackupex: got a fatal error with the following stacktrace: at /usr/bin/innobackupex line

main::init() called at /usr/bin/innobackupex line

innobackupex: Error: option 'datadir' has different values:

'/var/lib/mysql' in defaults file

'/data/mysql/data/' in SHOW VARIABLES

执行失败，需要指定配置文件路径：

[root@server xtrabackup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=redhat /data/mysql/databak/

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright ,  Innobase Oy

and Percona LLC and/or its affiliates -.  All Rights Reserved.

This software is published under

the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version , June .

 ::  innobackupex: Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup' as 'root'  (using password: YES).

 ::  innobackupex: Connected to MySQL server

 ::  innobackupex: Executing a version check against the server...

 ::  innobackupex: Done.

 ::  innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.

           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex

           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex:  Using server version 5.5.

innobackupex: Created backup directory /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--

 ::  innobackupex: Starting ibbackup with command: xtrabackup  --defaults-file="/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf"  --defaults-group="mysqld" --backup --suspend-at-end --target-dir=/data/mysql/databak/--04_19-- --tmpdir=/tmp --extra-lsndir='/tmp'

innobackupex: Waiting for ibbackup (pid=) to suspend

innobackupex: Suspend file '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03/xtrabackup_suspended_2'

xtrabackup version 2.2. based on MySQL server 5.6. Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )

xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().

xtrabackup: cd to /data/mysql/data/

xtrabackup: open files limit requested , set to

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/data

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group =

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size =

xtrabackup: using O_DIRECT

>> log scanned up to ()

xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces

[] Copying /data/mysql/data/ibdata1 to /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/ibdata1

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

[]        ...done

>> log scanned up to ()

[] Copying ./test/students.ibd to /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/test/students.ibd

[]        ...done

>> log scanned up to ()

xtrabackup: Creating suspend file '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03/xtrabackup_suspended_2' with pid ''

 ::  innobackupex: Continuing after ibbackup has suspended

 ::  innobackupex: Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK...

 ::  innobackupex: All tables locked and flushed to disk

 ::  innobackupex: Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files

innobackupex: in subdirectories of '/data/mysql/data/'

innobackupex: Backing up files '/data/mysql/data//performance_schema/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' ( files)

>> log scanned up to ()

innobackupex: Backing up file '/data/mysql/data//test/students.frm'

innobackupex: Backing up files '/data/mysql/data//mysql/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' ( files)

 ::  innobackupex: Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files

 ::  innobackupex: Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS...

 ::  innobackupex: Waiting for log copying to finish

xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): ''

xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.

.>> log scanned up to ()

xtrabackup: Creating suspend file '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03/xtrabackup_log_copied' with pid ''

xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn () to () was copied.

 ::  innobackupex: All tables unlocked

innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03'

 ::  innobackupex: Connection to database server closed

 ::  innobackupex: completed OK!

2. 第一次增量备份
#--incremental：增量备份的文件夹
#--incremental-dir：针对哪个做增量备份

[root@server databak]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=redhat --incremental  /data/mysql/databak/ --incremental-dir /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright ,  Innobase Oy

and Percona LLC and/or its affiliates -.  All Rights Reserved.

This software is published under

the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version , June .

 ::  innobackupex: Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup' as 'root'  (using password: YES).

 ::  innobackupex: Connected to MySQL server

 ::  innobackupex: Executing a version check against the server...

 ::  innobackupex: Done.

 ::  innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.

           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex

           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex:  Using server version 5.5.

innobackupex: Created backup directory /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--

 ::  innobackupex: Starting ibbackup with command: xtrabackup  --defaults-file="/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf"  --defaults-group="mysqld" --backup --suspend-at-end --target-dir=/data/mysql/databak/--04_19-- --tmpdir=/tmp --extra-lsndir='/tmp' --incremental-basedir='/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03'

innobackupex: Waiting for ibbackup (pid=) to suspend

innobackupex: Suspend file '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-03-58/xtrabackup_suspended_2'

xtrabackup version 2.2. based on MySQL server 5.6. Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )

incremental backup from  is enabled.

xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().

xtrabackup: cd to /data/mysql/data/

xtrabackup: open files limit requested , set to

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/data

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group =

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size =

xtrabackup: using O_DIRECT

>> log scanned up to ()

xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces

xtrabackup: using the full scan for incremental backup

[] Copying /data/mysql/data/ibdata1 to /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/ibdata1.delta

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

>> log scanned up to ()

[]        ...done

[] Copying ./test/students.ibd to /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/test/students.ibd.delta

[]        ...done

>> log scanned up to ()

xtrabackup: Creating suspend file '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-03-58/xtrabackup_suspended_2' with pid ''

 ::  innobackupex: Continuing after ibbackup has suspended

 ::  innobackupex: Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK...

 ::  innobackupex: All tables locked and flushed to disk

 ::  innobackupex: Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files

innobackupex: in subdirectories of '/data/mysql/data/'

innobackupex: Backing up files '/data/mysql/data//performance_schema/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' ( files)

>> log scanned up to ()

innobackupex: Backing up file '/data/mysql/data//test/students.frm'

innobackupex: Backing up files '/data/mysql/data//mysql/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' ( files)

 ::  innobackupex: Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files

 ::  innobackupex: Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS...

 ::  innobackupex: Waiting for log copying to finish

xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): ''

xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.

.>> log scanned up to ()

xtrabackup: Creating suspend file '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-03-58/xtrabackup_log_copied' with pid ''

xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn () to () was copied.

 ::  innobackupex: All tables unlocked

innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-03-58'

 ::  innobackupex: Connection to database server closed

 ::  innobackupex: completed OK!

[root@server databak]# ls

--04_19--  --04_19--

[root@server databak]# ll

total

drwxr-xr-x.  root root  Feb   : --04_19--

drwxr-xr-x.  root root  Feb   : --04_19--

[root@server databak]# du -sh *

.1G    --04_19--

1.5M    --04_19--

3. 模拟数据丢失

mysql> drop database test;

Query OK,  row affected (0.14 sec)

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+

 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. 将全备数据执行prepare

[root@server --04_19--]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright ,  Innobase Oy

and Percona LLC and/or its affiliates -.  All Rights Reserved.

This software is published under

the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version , June .

 ::  innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.

           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex

           prints "completed OK!".

 ::  innobackupex: Starting ibbackup with command: xtrabackup  --defaults-file="/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03/backup-my.cnf"  --defaults-group="mysqld" --prepare --target-dir=/data/mysql/databak/--04_19-- --apply-log-only

xtrabackup version 2.2. based on MySQL server 5.6. Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )

xtrabackup: cd to /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--

xtrabackup: This target seems to be not prepared yet.

xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=, start_lsn=()

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group =

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size =

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group =

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size =

xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.

xtrabackup: Using  bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)

InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used

InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.

InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 100.0M

InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

InnoDB: The log sequence numbers  and  in ibdata files do not match the log sequence number  in the ib_logfiles!

InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!

InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.

InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...

InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages

InnoDB: from the doublewrite buffer...

[notice (again)]

  If you use binary log and don't use any hack of group commit,

  the binary log position seems to be:

xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown =

InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number

 ::  innobackupex: completed OK!

5. 将增量备份数据合并到全备中

[root@server --04_19--]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only --incremental /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/ --incremental-dir=/data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright ,  Innobase Oy

and Percona LLC and/or its affiliates -.  All Rights Reserved.

This software is published under

the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version , June .

 ::  innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.

           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex

           prints "completed OK!".

 ::  innobackupex: Starting ibbackup with command: xtrabackup  --defaults-file="/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03/backup-my.cnf"  --defaults-group="mysqld" --prepare --target-dir=/data/mysql/databak/--04_19-- --apply-log-only --incremental-dir=/data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/

xtrabackup version 2.2. based on MySQL server 5.6. Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )

incremental backup from  is enabled.

xtrabackup: cd to /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--

xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared.

xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=, start_lsn=()

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group =

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size =

xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces

xtrabackup: page size for /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--//ibdata1.delta is 16384 bytes

Applying /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--//ibdata1.delta to ./ibdata1...

xtrabackup: page size for /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--//test/students.ibd.delta is 16384 bytes

Applying /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--//test/students.ibd.delta to ./test/students.ibd...

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group =

xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size =

xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.

xtrabackup: Using  bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)

InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used

InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.

InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 100.0M

InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

InnoDB: The log sequence numbers  and  in ibdata files do not match the log sequence number  in the ib_logfiles!

InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!

InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.

InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...

InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages

InnoDB: from the doublewrite buffer...

[notice (again)]

  If you use binary log and don't use any hack of group commit,

  the binary log position seems to be:

xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown =

InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number

innobackupex: Starting to copy non-InnoDB files in '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-03-58/'

innobackupex: to the full backup directory '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03'

innobackupex: Copying '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-03-58/xtrabackup_info' to '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03/xtrabackup_info'

innobackupex: Copying '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-03-58/performance_schema/db.opt' to '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03/performance_schema/db.opt'

innobackupex: Copying '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-03-58/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm' to '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03/performance_schema/events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name.frm'

innobackupex: Copying '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-03-58/performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm' to '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03/performance_schema/file_summary_by_instance.frm'
..........

 ::  innobackupex: completed OK!

6. 停止mysqld服务，恢复数据

[root@server --04_19--]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop

Shutting down MySQL...                                     [  OK  ]

[root@server data]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --copy-back /data/mysql/databak/--04_19--/

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright ,  Innobase Oy

and Percona LLC and/or its affiliates -.  All Rights Reserved.

This software is published under

the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version , June .

 ::  innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.

           At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex

           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex: Starting to copy files in '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03'

.........

innobackupex: Starting to copy InnoDB system tablespace

innobackupex: in '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03'

innobackupex: back to original InnoDB data directory '/data/mysql/data'

innobackupex: Copying '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03/ibdata1' to '/data/mysql/data/ibdata1'

innobackupex: Starting to copy InnoDB undo tablespaces

innobackupex: in '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03'

innobackupex: back to '/data/mysql/data/'

innobackupex: Starting to copy InnoDB log files

innobackupex: in '/data/mysql/databak/2015-02-04_19-00-03'

innobackupex: back to original InnoDB log directory '/data/mysql/data/'

innobackupex: Finished copying back files.

 ::  innobackupex: completed OK!

7. 对恢复的文件修改权限

[root@server data]# chown -R mysql:mysql *

[root@server data]# chown -R mysql:root mysql/

8. 启动mysql服务

[root@server data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL...                                          [  OK  ]

done ^_^

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