Keepalived搭建主从架构、主主架构实例
实例拓扑图：
DR1和DR2部署Keepalived和lvs作主从架构或主主架构，RS1和RS2部署nginx搭建web站点。
注意：各节点的时间需要同步（ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com）；关闭firewalld（systemctl stop firewalld.service，systemctl disable firewalld.service），设置selinux为permissive（setenforce 0）；同时确保DR1和DR2节点的网卡支持MULTICAST（多播）通信。通过命令ifconfig可以查看到是否开启了MULTICAST：
Keepalived的主从架构
搭建RS1：
[root@RS1 ~]# yum -y install nginx #安装nginx
[root@RS1 ~]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html #修改主页
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl start nginx.service #启动nginx服务
[root@RS1 ~]# vim RS.sh #配置lvs-dr的脚本文件
#!/bin/bash
#
vip=192.168.4.120
mask=255.255.255.255
case $1 in
start)
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
ifconfig lo:0 $vip netmask $mask broadcast $vip up
route add -host $vip dev lo:0
;;
stop)
ifconfig lo:0 down
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
;;
*)
echo "Usage $(basename $0) start|stop"
exit 1
;;
esac
[root@RS1 ~]# bash RS.sh start
参考RS1的配置搭建RS2。
搭建DR1：
[root@DR1 ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm keepalived #安装ipvsadm和keepalived
[root@DR1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf #修改keepalived.conf配置文件
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id 192.168.4.116
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.0.10
} vrrp_instance VIP_1 {
state MASTER
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 1
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass %&hhjj99
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.4.120/24 dev eno16777736 label eno16777736:0
}
} virtual_server 192.168.4.120 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
protocol TCP real_server 192.168.4.118 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /index.html
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.4.119 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /index.html
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@DR1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@DR1 ~]# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.4.116 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.4.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe93:270f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:93:27:0f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 14604 bytes 1376647 (1.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 6722 bytes 653961 (638.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eno16777736:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.4.120 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 00:0c:29:93:27:0f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
[root@DR1 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.4.120:80 rr
-> 192.168.4.118:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.4.119:80 Route 1 0 0
DR2的搭建基本同DR1，主要修改一下配置文件中/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf的state和priority：state BACKUP、priority 90. 同时我们发现作为backup的DR2没有启用eno16777736:0的网口：
客户端进行测试：
[root@client ~]# for i in {1..20};do curl http://192.168.4.120;done #客户端正常访问
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
[root@DR1 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived.service #关闭DR1的keepalived服务
[root@DR2 ~]# systemctl status keepalived.service #观察DR2，可以看到DR2已经进入MASTER状态
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-09-04 11:33:04 CST; 7min ago
Process: 12983 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 12985 (keepalived)
CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
├─12985 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
├─12988 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
└─12989 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
Sep 04 11:37:41 happiness Keepalived_healthcheckers[12988]: SMTP alert successfully sent.
Sep 04 11:40:22 happiness Keepalived_vrrp[12989]: VRRP_Instance(VIP_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Sep 04 11:40:23 happiness Keepalived_vrrp[12989]: VRRP_Instance(VIP_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Sep 04 11:40:23 happiness Keepalived_vrrp[12989]: VRRP_Instance(VIP_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Sep 04 11:40:23 happiness Keepalived_vrrp[12989]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 192.168.4.120
Sep 04 11:40:23 happiness Keepalived_vrrp[12989]: VRRP_Instance(VIP_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eno16777736 for 192.168.4.120
Sep 04 11:40:23 happiness Keepalived_vrrp[12989]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 192.168.4.120
Sep 04 11:40:23 happiness Keepalived_vrrp[12989]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 192.168.4.120
Sep 04 11:40:23 happiness Keepalived_vrrp[12989]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 192.168.4.120
Sep 04 11:40:23 happiness Keepalived_vrrp[12989]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eno16777736 for 192.168.4.120
[root@client ~]# for i in {1..20};do curl http://192.168.4.120;done #可以看到客户端正常访问
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
Keepalived的主主架构
修改RS1和RS2，添加新的VIP：
[root@RS1 ~]# cp RS.sh RS_bak.sh
[root@RS1 ~]# vim RS_bak.sh #添加新的VIP
#!/bin/bash
#
vip=192.168.4.121
mask=255.255.255.255
case $1 in
start)
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
ifconfig lo:1 $vip netmask $mask broadcast $vip up
route add -host $vip dev lo:1
;;
stop)
ifconfig lo:1 down
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
;;
*)
echo "Usage $(basename $0) start|stop"
exit 1
;;
esac
[root@RS1 ~]# bash RS_bak.sh start
[root@RS1 ~]# ifconfig
...
lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 192.168.4.120 netmask 255.255.255.255
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback) lo:1: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 192.168.4.121 netmask 255.255.255.255
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
[root@RS1 ~]# scp RS_bak.sh root@192.168.4.119:~
root@192.168.4.119's password:
RS_bak.sh 100% 693 0.7KB/s 00:00 [root@RS2 ~]# bash RS_bak.sh #直接运行脚本添加新的VIP
[root@RS2 ~]# ifconfig
...
lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 192.168.4.120 netmask 255.255.255.255
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback) lo:1: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 192.168.4.121 netmask 255.255.255.255
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
修改DR1和DR2：
[root@DR1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf #修改DR1的配置文件，添加新的实例，配置服务器组
...
vrrp_instance VIP_2 {
state BACKUP
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 2
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass UU**99^^
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.4.121/24 dev eno16777736 label eno16777736:1
}
} virtual_server_group ngxsrvs {
192.168.4.120 80
192.168.4.121 80
}
virtual_server group ngxsrvs {
...
}
[root@DR1 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service #重启服务
[root@DR1 ~]# ifconfig #此时可以看到eno16777736:1，因为DR2还未配置
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.4.116 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.4.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe93:270f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:93:27:0f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 54318 bytes 5480463 (5.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 38301 bytes 3274990 (3.1 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eno16777736:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.4.120 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 00:0c:29:93:27:0f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) eno16777736:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.4.121 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 00:0c:29:93:27:0f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
[root@DR1 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.4.120:80 rr
-> 192.168.4.118:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.4.119:80 Route 1 0 0
TCP 192.168.4.121:80 rr
-> 192.168.4.118:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.4.119:80 Route 1 0 0 [root@DR2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf #修改DR2的配置文件，添加实例，配置服务器组
...
vrrp_instance VIP_2 {
state MASTER
interface eno16777736
virtual_router_id 2
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass UU**99^^
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.4.121/24 dev eno16777736 label eno16777736:1
}
} virtual_server_group ngxsrvs {
192.168.4.120 80
192.168.4.121 80
}
virtual_server group ngxsrvs {
...
}
[root@DR2 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service #重启服务
[root@DR2 ~]# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.4.117 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.4.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe3d:a31b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:3d:a3:1b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 67943 bytes 6314537 (6.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 23250 bytes 2153847 (2.0 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eno16777736:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.4.121 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 00:0c:29:3d:a3:1b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
[root@DR2 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.4.120:80 rr
-> 192.168.4.118:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.4.119:80 Route 1 0 0
TCP 192.168.4.121:80 rr
-> 192.168.4.118:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.4.119:80 Route 1 0 0
客户端测试：
[root@client ~]# for i in {1..20};do curl http://192.168.4.120;done
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
[root@client ~]# for i in {1..20};do curl http://192.168.4.121;done
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.119 RS2 server</h1>
<h1> 192.168.4.118 RS1 server </h1>
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