CentOS上安装MySQL

1、准备RPM安装包

MySQL-server-5.6.33-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64

MySQL-client-5.6.33-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64

2、检查并清理旧版

[root@localhost Desktop]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
[root@localhost Desktop]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
[root@localhost Desktop]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql*
[root@localhost Desktop]# rm -rf /usr/share/mysql*

3、安装Server

[root@localhost Desktop]# rpm -ivh /root/Desktop/MySQL-server-5.6.33-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
warning: /root/Desktop/MySQL-server-5.6.33-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:MySQL-server           ########################################### [100%]
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
2016-12-13 03:19:31 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-12-13 03:19:31 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.33) starting as process 35882 ...
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
2016-12-13 03:19:31 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2016-12-13 03:19:32 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
2016-12-13 03:19:35 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.33 started; log sequence number 0
A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] Binlog end
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2016-12-13 03:19:37 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2016-12-13 03:19:38 35882 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977

2016-12-13 03:19:39 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-12-13 03:19:39 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.33) starting as process 35906 ...
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.33 started; log sequence number 1625977
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] Binlog end
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2016-12-13 03:19:39 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2016-12-13 03:19:41 35906 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987

A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !
You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.

You must change that password on your first connect,
no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted.
See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag.

Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed.

In addition, you can run:

  /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test database.
This is strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at

  http://www.mysql.com

Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings

4、启动MySQL服务

[root@localhost Desktop]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL................... SUCCESS! 

5、查看默认密码

[root@localhost Desktop]# more /root/.mysql_secret
# The random password set for the root user at Tue Dec 13 03:19:37 2016 (local t
ime): YPkX6RUWvFNRxYuc

6、安装Client

[root@localhost Desktop]# rpm -ivh /root/Desktop/MySQL-client-5.6.33-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
warning: /root/Desktop/MySQL-client-5.6.33-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:MySQL-client           ########################################### [100%]

7、执行安全向导

[root@localhost Desktop]# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): YPkX6RUWvFNRxYuc <–初次运行直接回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] y <– 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车
New password: 123456 <– 设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password: 123456 <– 再输入一次你设置的密码
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y <– 是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除，所以直接回车
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n <–是否禁止root远程登录,根据自己的需求选择Y/n并回车,建议禁止
 ... skipping.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n <– 是否删除test数据库,直接回车
 ... skipping.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y <– 是否重新加载权限表，直接回车
 ... Success!

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MySQL!

Cleaning up...

8、配置my.cnf

[root@localhost Desktop]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

#socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#datadir = /var/lib/mysql/mysql

character-set-server=utf8
lower_case_table_names=1

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 

9、重启服务

[root@localhost Desktop]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

10、关闭防火墙

[root@localhost Desktop]# service iptables stop
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]

11、测试连接

参考资料：

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-01/111744.htm