kvm初体验之三：vm的安装及管理

Host: CentOS release 6.4 (Final)

Guest: CentOS release 6.6 (Final)

全程以root身份操作

1. host上创建桥br0

参考《KVM Virtualization in RHEL 6 Made Easy》2.6 Networking

我的/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0文件内容为：

DEVICE=br0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Bridge
DELAY=

我的/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0文件内容为：

DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=20008b30-343b--b908-af2b0ca5b545
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=3C::0E:5C:E4:2E
DNS1=192.168.1.1
BRIDGE=br0

重启network服务后，ifconfig出现br0接口，并且br0获取到了IP：

[root@tanghuimin ~]# ifconfig
br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 3C::0E:5C:E4:2E
          inet addr:192.168.1.6  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::3e97:eff:fe5c:e42e/ Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:  Metric:
          RX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: frame:
          TX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: carrier:
          collisions: txqueuelen:
          RX bytes: (39.3 MiB)  TX bytes: (1.4 MiB)

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 3C::0E:5C:E4:2E
          inet6 addr: fe80::3e97:eff:fe5c:e42e/ Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:  Metric:
          RX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: frame:
          TX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: carrier:
          collisions: txqueuelen:
          RX bytes: (39.7 MiB)  TX bytes: (1.4 MiB)
          Interrupt: Memory:f2500000-f2520000 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::/ Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:  Metric:
          RX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: frame:
          TX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: carrier:
          collisions: txqueuelen:
          RX bytes: (1.0 KiB)  TX bytes: (1.0 KiB)

virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr :::::C1
          inet addr:192.168.122.1  Bcast:192.168.122.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:  Metric:
          RX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: frame:
          TX packets: errors: dropped: overruns: carrier:
          collisions: txqueuelen:
          RX bytes: (0.0 b)  TX bytes: (0.0 b)

ping一下网关及外网，可以连通：

[root@tanghuimin ~]# ping 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) () bytes of data.
 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.978 ms
 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.861 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
 packets transmitted,  received, % packet loss, time 1080ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.861/0.919/0.978/0.065 ms
[root@tanghuimin ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (115.239.210.25) () bytes of data.
 bytes from 115.239.210.25: icmp_seq= ttl= time=7.46 ms
 bytes from 115.239.210.25: icmp_seq= ttl= time=7.37 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
 packets transmitted,  received, % packet loss, time 9850ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 7.372/7.416/7.460/0.044 ms
[root@tanghuimin ~]# 

brctl show可以看到host上存在的桥：

[root@tanghuimin ~]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br0        .3c970e5ce42e    no        eth0
virbr0        .5254002590c1    yes        virbr0-nic

2. 设置SELinux

参考《KVM
Virtualization in RHEL 6 Made Easy》2.7
SELinux

3.
安装vm

参考《KVM
Virtualization in RHEL 6 Made Easy》3.
Creating VMs

virt-install --name vm1 --ram= --vcpus= --disk path=/vm-images/vm1,size= --cdrom /root/iso/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-minimal.iso --network bridge:br0

关于virt-install参数的详细解释参考：

Installing a KVM Guest OS from the Command-line (virt-install)

安装过程同linux系统的正常安装过程。

安装完成之后输入用户名密码可以进入vm：

4. 管理vm

常用的vm管理命令有：

列出所有vm：virsh list –all

挂起：virsh suspend

恢复：virsh resume

关机：virsh shutdown

启动：virsh start

强制关机：virsh destroy

销毁：virsh undefine

查看vm信息：virsh dominfo

查看virsh全部的管理命令：virsh help

查看virsh某个管理命令的用法：virsh help xxx

注：virsh shutdown命令执行后vm往往仍处于running状态，这时可以用virsh destroy强制关机。

virsh undefine销毁一个vm前，要先将vm关机。