使用Django快速搭建简单的数据管理后台

使用Django快速搭建简单的数据管理后台

概述

需求描述：
数据表已建好，能可视化操作增删改查，避免直接操作数据库
简版的管理系统

环境

• Windows 10 x64
• Python 3.6.3 (Anaconda)
• Django 2.0.1
• MySQL 5.6.11-log

安装Django

pip install django

安装python-mysql

pip install mysqlclient

创建项目

django-admin startproject myproject

创建应用模块

cd myproject
python manage.py startapp myapp

配置数据库连接信息

#settings.py

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'testdb',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

创建超级用户

python manage.py createsuperuser

启动应用

python manage.py runserver #默认8000
#python manage.py runserver 9999

装载应用模块

#settings.py

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
	'myapp',#添加到末尾
]

数据库反向生成Model

python manage.py inspectdb > myapp/models.py

注册Model

# myapp/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

from myapp.models import Post

# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(Post)

解决Django在处理MySQL中BIT类型当做TextField处理问题

安装django_mysql模块

pip install django_mysql

# myapp/models.py

#引入django_mysql模块
from django_mysql.models import Bit1BooleanField

# myapp/models.py

将
models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)  # This field type is a guess.
或
models.TextField()  # This field type is a guess.

批量替换为 Bit1BooleanField(default=False)

关闭调试模式

# settings.py

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = False

# Must set settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS if DEBUG is False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost','127.0.0.1','example.com']

静态资源访问处理

静态资源目录配置

# settings.py

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static') #新增配置

静态资源访问地址配置

# urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from django.conf import settings

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]+ static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)

收集应用所有静态文件至项目static目录下

python manage.py collectstatic

国际化处理

# settings.py

# 语言
#LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-cn'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'

# 时区
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_TZ = True

页面表单标签中文显示

#models.py

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField('标题', max_length=100)
    memo = models.TextField('备注')
    publish_date = models.DateTimeField('发表时间')

    class Meta:
            verbose_name = '文章'
            verbose_name_plural = '文章'
            ordering = ['publish_date']

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.title 

其他命令

#同步数据库(可将model改动同步到数据库)
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

#清空数据库
python manage.py flush

# 修改 用户密码可以用：
python manage.py changepassword username

#导出数据 导入数据
python manage.py dumpdata appname > appname.json
python manage.py loaddata appname.json

#Django 项目环境终端
python manage.py shell

#数据库命令行
python manage.py dbshell

参考资料

• https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/
• http://django-mysql.readthedocs.io/en/latest/model_fields/#bit-1-boolean-fields