tomcat的管理（manager）报错403

管理tomcat的时候遇到了以下问题：

1.刚开始需要用户名密码，不知道用户名和密码是什么，但是输入什么都不正确。

　　解决办法：　

自己在tomcat-users.xml中按格式添加用户 conf文件夹里面
默认是注释掉了的，这主要是考虑到服务器的安全，如果是本地测试，去掉以下这段注释，然后重启动服务器，再输入
<role rolename="tomcat"/>
<role rolename="role1"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/>
<user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/>
<user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/>
用户和密码都一目了然了。

2..进入manager界面之后，显示的是403 Access Denied。

解决办法：
在conf/tomcat-users.xml文件中看到这么一段话：
NOTE:  By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required to operate the "/manager/html" web application.  If you wish to use this app, you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.
也就是说，为了考虑安全，tomcat默认还是没有manager-gui的管理权限的，如果想要使用manager的话，需要自行加入管理权限（角色）。需要加一个这样的权限（角色）
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
然后再加到需要的用户名中去
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,manager-gui"/>
这样OK了。

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<tomcat-users>
<!--
  NOTE:  By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required
  to operate the "/manager/html" web application.  If you wish to use this app,
  you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.
-->
<!--
  NOTE:  The sample user and role entries below are wrapped in a comment
  and thus are ignored when reading this file. Do not forget to remove
  <!.. ..> that surrounds them.
-->

 <!--
  <role rolename="tomcat"/>
  <role rolename="role1"/>
  <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/>
  <user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/>
  <user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/>
-->
    <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
    <role rolename="admin-gui"/>
    <user username="ming" password="064417" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>

</tomcat-users>