Given inorder and postorder traversal of a tree, construct the binary tree.

Note:
You may assume that duplicates do not exist in the tree.


题解:如下图所示的一棵树:

        5

      /   \

    2      4

  /   \      \

1      3       6

中序遍历序列:1  2  3  5  4  6

后序遍历序列:1  3  2  6  4  5

后序遍历序列的最后一个元素就是当前根节点元素。首先想到的方法是递归,重要的是在先序和中序序列中分清楚哪一部分是左子树的,哪一部分是右子树的。

递归的过程如下图所示:其中in和po分别代表递归调用时传递给左子树的中序遍历序列和后序遍历序列。

以第一次递归为例,说明左右子树的中序和后序遍历序列如何求:

如上图所示,现在中序序列中找到根节点的位置(5),就能够知道左子树(绿色圈)和右子树(橙色圈)的中序遍历序列了。然后根据中序遍历的长度等于后序遍历的长度,计算出左右子树的后序遍历序列,递归调用构造树函数即可。

代码如下:

 /**
* Definition for binary tree
* public class TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode left;
* TreeNode right;
* TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
* }
*/
public class Solution {
public int InorderIndex(int[] inorder,int key){
if(inorder == null || inorder.length == 0)
return -1; for(int i = 0;i < inorder.length;i++)
if(inorder[i] == key)
return i; return -1;
}
public TreeNode buildTreeRec(int[] inorder,int[] postorder,int instart,int inend,int postart,int poend){
if(instart > inend)
return null;
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(postorder[poend]);
int index = InorderIndex(inorder, root.val);
root.left = buildTreeRec(inorder, postorder, instart, index-1, postart, postart+index-instart-1);
root.right = buildTreeRec(inorder, postorder, index+1, inend, postart+index-instart, poend-1); return root;
}
public TreeNode buildTree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder) {
return buildTreeRec(inorder, postorder, 0, inorder.length-1, 0, postorder.length-1);
}
}

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