ALV的颜色设置分为3种:行、列、单元格。
 
1.列颜色的设置
  在 slis_t_fieldcat_alv-emphasize 中，写入需要的颜色代码。
  Eg:
  DATA: fc TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv WITH HEADER LINE.
        fc-tabname = 'ITAB'.
         fc-fieldname = 'COL'.
         fc-emphasize = 'C100'.
         append fc.
 
2.行颜色的设置
  a.在要输出的 itab 中，加入 color 列，类型为C（4），记录需要的颜色代码。
  b.设置 layout。alv_layout-info_fieldname = 'COLOR'.
Eg: DATA: BEGIN OF itab OCCURS 0.
   INCLUDE STRUCTURE mara.
    DATA: color(4) TYPE c.
    DATA: END OF itab.
 
    DATA: alv_layout TYPE slis_layout_alv.
      
    itab-matnr =  '123'.
    itab-color = 'C200'.
    APPEND itab.
 
    alv_layout-info_fieldname = 'COLOR'.  
 
3.单元格颜色设置
  a.在要输出的 itab 中，加入 color 列，类型为 slis_t_specialcol_alv，记录需要的颜色代码。
  b.设置 layout。alv_layout-coltab_fieldname = 'COLOR'.
 
Eg: DATA: BEGIN OF itab OCCURS 0.
   INCLUDE STRUCTURE mara.
    DATA: color TYPE slis_t_specialcol_alv.
    DATA: END OF itab.
 
    DATA: color TYPE slis_t_specialcol_alv.      
    DATA: alv_layout TYPE slis_layout_alv.
 
    color-color-col = '1'.
    color-color-int = '0'.
    color-color-inv = '0'.
    color-fieldname = 'COL'.
    APPEND color.
      
    itab-matnr =  '123'.
    itab-color[] = color[].
    APPEND itab.
 
    alv_layout-coltab_fieldname = 'COLOR'.
 
以上是我对ALV GRID着色方法的一个总结，由于技术水平有限可能还存在一些遗漏，还望大家指出。
 
事例代码：
 
REPORT ztest.

"双击单元格,可进入新的ALV画面.

TYPE-POOLS: slis.

*一共定义3个内表.
*itab1 :设置列颜色,
*itab2 :设置行颜色.
*itab3 :设置单元格颜色.

DATA: BEGIN OF itab_test OCCURS 0,
        col1(4) TYPE c,
        col2(4) TYPE c,
        col3(4) TYPE c,
        col4(4) TYPE c,
        col5(4) TYPE c,
        col6(4) TYPE c,
      END OF itab_test .

DATA: BEGIN OF itab_test2 OCCURS 0.
        INCLUDE STRUCTURE itab_test.
DATA: color(4) TYPE c.
DATA: END OF itab_test2.

DATA: BEGIN OF itab_test3 OCCURS 0.
        INCLUDE STRUCTURE itab_test.
DATA: color TYPE slis_t_specialcol_alv.
DATA: END OF itab_test3.

DATA: fc TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv WITH HEADER LINE,
      fc2 TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv WITH HEADER LINE,
      fc3 TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv WITH HEADER LINE.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  PERFORM create_data.

END-OF-SELECTION.
  PERFORM fieldcat_build.
  PERFORM show_alv.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  create_data
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM create_data.

DATA: l_color(4) TYPE c,
        l_char TYPE c,
        i TYPE i.
  DATA: color TYPE slis_t_specialcol_alv WITH HEADER LINE.

REFRESH itab_test.
  REFRESH itab_test2.
  REFRESH itab_test3.
  REFRESH fc.
  REFRESH fc2.
  REFRESH fc3.

WHILE sy-index < 8.
* 内表 1
    itab_test-col1 = ( sy-index - 1 ) * 6 + 1.
    itab_test-col2 = ( sy-index - 1 ) * 6 + 2.
    itab_test-col3 = ( sy-index - 1 ) * 6 + 3.
    itab_test-col4 = ( sy-index - 1 ) * 6 + 4.
    itab_test-col5 = ( sy-index - 1 ) * 6 + 5.
    itab_test-col6 = ( sy-index - 1 ) * 6 + 6.
    APPEND itab_test.

* 内表 2
    MOVE-CORRESPONDING itab_test TO itab_test2.
    l_char =  sy-index.

i = sy-index MOD 2.
    IF i = 0.
      CONCATENATE 'C' l_char '01' INTO l_color.
    ELSE.
      CONCATENATE 'C' l_char '10' INTO l_color.
    ENDIF.
    itab_test2-color = l_color.
    APPEND itab_test2.

* 内表 3
    MOVE-CORRESPONDING itab_test TO itab_test3.
    REFRESH color.

color-color-col = l_char.

color-color-int = '0'.
    color-color-inv = '0'.
    color-fieldname = 'COL1'. APPEND color.
    CONCATENATE l_char '00' INTO itab_test3-col1.

color-color-int = '0'.
    color-color-inv = '1'.
    color-fieldname = 'COL2'. APPEND color.
    CONCATENATE l_char '01' INTO itab_test3-col2.

color-color-int = '1'.
    color-color-inv = '0'.
    color-fieldname = 'COL3'. APPEND color.
    CONCATENATE l_char '10' INTO itab_test3-col3.

itab_test3-color[] = color[].
    APPEND itab_test3.

ENDWHILE.

ENDFORM.                    "create_data

************************************************************************
FORM fieldcat_build.
  DATA: BEGIN OF fc_struct,
          tabname(10),
          fieldname(5),
          seltext_m(5),
          emphasize(4),
        END OF fc_struct.
  DEFINE ac.
    clear: fc,fc2,fc_struct.
    fc_struct = &1.
    fc-tabname   = fc_struct-tabname.  "内表名
    fc-fieldname = fc_struct-fieldname. "字段名
    fc-seltext_m = fc_struct-seltext_m. "字段描述
    fc-emphasize = fc_struct-emphasize. "列颜色
    append fc.

fc2-tabname   = fc_struct-tabname.  "内表名
    fc2-fieldname = fc_struct-fieldname. "字段名
    fc2-seltext_m = fc_struct-seltext_m. "字段描述
    append fc2.

if fc3-fieldname < 'COL4'.
      fc3-tabname   = fc_struct-tabname.  "内表名
      fc3-fieldname = fc_struct-fieldname. "字段名
      fc3-seltext_m = fc_struct-seltext_m. "字段描述
      append fc3.
    endif.
  END-OF-DEFINITION.

ac 'ITAB_TEST COL1 COL1 C100'.
  ac 'ITAB_TEST COL2 COL2 C200'.
  ac 'ITAB_TEST COL3 COL3 C300'.
  ac 'ITAB_TEST COL4 COL4 C400'.
  ac 'ITAB_TEST COL5 COL5 C500'.
  ac 'ITAB_TEST COL6 COL6 C600'.

ENDFORM.                    "fieldcat_build

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  show_alv
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*      显示内表 1
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM show_alv.

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
    EXPORTING
      i_callback_program      = sy-repid
      it_fieldcat             = fc[]
      i_callback_user_command = 'PROCESS_USER_COMMAND_1'
      i_save                  = 'A'
    TABLES
      t_outtab                = itab_test
    EXCEPTIONS
      program_error           = 1
      OTHERS                  = 2.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
            WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.                    "show_alv

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  PROCESS_USER_COMMAND_1
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*      -->UCOMM        text
*      -->RS_SELFIELD  text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_user_command_1 USING ucomm
               rs_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.

IF rs_selfield-fieldname <> space AND rs_selfield-tabindex > 0.
    PERFORM show_alv_2.
  ENDIF.

ENDFORM.                    "PROCESS_USER_COMMAND_1

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  show_alv_2
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       显示内表 2
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM show_alv_2.
  DATA: alv_layout       TYPE slis_layout_alv.

alv_layout-info_fieldname = 'COLOR'.

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
    EXPORTING
      i_callback_program      = sy-repid
      it_fieldcat             = fc2[]
      i_callback_user_command = 'PROCESS_USER_COMMAND_2'
      is_layout               = alv_layout
      i_save                  = 'U'
    TABLES
      t_outtab                = itab_test2
    EXCEPTIONS
      program_error           = 1
      OTHERS                  = 2.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
            WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.                                                    "show_alv_2

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  PROCESS_USER_COMMAND_2
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*      -->UCOMM        text
*      -->RS_SELFIELD  text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM process_user_command_2 USING ucomm
               rs_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.

IF rs_selfield-fieldname <> space AND rs_selfield-tabindex > 0.
    PERFORM show_alv_3.
  ENDIF.

ENDFORM.                    "PROCESS_USER_COMMAND_2

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  show_alv_3
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       显示内表 3
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM show_alv_3.
  DATA: alv_layout       TYPE slis_layout_alv.

alv_layout-coltab_fieldname = 'COLOR'.

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
    EXPORTING
      i_callback_program = sy-repid
      it_fieldcat        = fc3[]
      is_layout          = alv_layout
      i_save             = 'U'
    TABLES
      t_outtab           = itab_test3
    EXCEPTIONS
      program_error      = 1
      OTHERS             = 2.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
            WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.                                                    "show_alv_3

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