python模块：hmac

 """HMAC (Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication) Python module.

 Implements the HMAC algorithm as described by RFC 2104.
 """

 import warnings as _warnings
 from _operator import _compare_digest as compare_digest
 import hashlib as _hashlib

 trans_5C = bytes((x ^ 0x5C) for x in range(256))
 trans_36 = bytes((x ^ 0x36) for x in range(256))

 # The size of the digests returned by HMAC depends on the underlying
 # hashing module used.  Use digest_size from the instance of HMAC instead.
 digest_size = None

 class HMAC:
     """RFC 2104 HMAC class.  Also complies with RFC 4231.

     This supports the API for Cryptographic Hash Functions (PEP 247).
     """
     blocksize = 64  # 512-bit HMAC; can be changed in subclasses.

     def __init__(self, key, msg = None, digestmod = None):
         """Create a new HMAC object.

         key:       key for the keyed hash object.
         msg:       Initial input for the hash, if provided.
         digestmod: A module supporting PEP 247.  *OR*
                    A hashlib constructor returning a new hash object. *OR*
                    A hash name suitable for hashlib.new().
                    Defaults to hashlib.md5.
                    Implicit default to hashlib.md5 is deprecated and will be
                    removed in Python 3.6.

         Note: key and msg must be a bytes or bytearray objects.
         """

         if not isinstance(key, (bytes, bytearray)):
             raise TypeError("key: expected bytes or bytearray, but got %r" % type(key).__name__)

         if digestmod is None:
             _warnings.warn("HMAC() without an explicit digestmod argument "
                            "is deprecated.", PendingDeprecationWarning, 2)
             digestmod = _hashlib.md5

         if callable(digestmod):
             self.digest_cons = digestmod
         elif isinstance(digestmod, str):
             self.digest_cons = lambda d=b'': _hashlib.new(digestmod, d)
         else:
             self.digest_cons = lambda d=b'': digestmod.new(d)

         self.outer = self.digest_cons()
         self.inner = self.digest_cons()
         self.digest_size = self.inner.digest_size

         if hasattr(self.inner, 'block_size'):
             blocksize = self.inner.block_size
             if blocksize < 16:
                 _warnings.warn('block_size of %d seems too small; using our '
                                'default of %d.' % (blocksize, self.blocksize),
                                RuntimeWarning, 2)
                 blocksize = self.blocksize
         else:
             _warnings.warn('No block_size attribute on given digest object; '
                            'Assuming %d.' % (self.blocksize),
                            RuntimeWarning, 2)
             blocksize = self.blocksize

         # self.blocksize is the default blocksize. self.block_size is
         # effective block size as well as the public API attribute.
         self.block_size = blocksize

         if len(key) > blocksize:
             key = self.digest_cons(key).digest()

         key = key.ljust(blocksize, b'\0')
         self.outer.update(key.translate(trans_5C))
         self.inner.update(key.translate(trans_36))
         if msg is not None:
             self.update(msg)

     @property
     def name(self):
         return "hmac-" + self.inner.name

     def update(self, msg):
         """Update this hashing object with the string msg.
         """
         self.inner.update(msg)

     def copy(self):
         """Return a separate copy of this hashing object.

         An update to this copy won't affect the original object.
         """
         # Call __new__ directly to avoid the expensive __init__.
         other = self.__class__.__new__(self.__class__)
         other.digest_cons = self.digest_cons
         other.digest_size = self.digest_size
         other.inner = self.inner.copy()
         other.outer = self.outer.copy()
         return other

     def _current(self):
         """Return a hash object for the current state.

         To be used only internally with digest() and hexdigest().
         """
         h = self.outer.copy()
         h.update(self.inner.digest())
         return h

     def digest(self):
         """Return the hash value of this hashing object.

         This returns a string containing 8-bit data.  The object is
         not altered in any way by this function; you can continue
         updating the object after calling this function.
         """
         h = self._current()
         return h.digest()

     def hexdigest(self):
         """Like digest(), but returns a string of hexadecimal digits instead.
         """
         h = self._current()
         return h.hexdigest()

 def new(key, msg = None, digestmod = None):
     """Create a new hashing object and return it.

     key: The starting key for the hash.
     msg: if available, will immediately be hashed into the object's starting
     state.

     You can now feed arbitrary strings into the object using its update()
     method, and can ask for the hash value at any time by calling its digest()
     method.
     """
     return HMAC(key, msg, digestmod)

hmac