HarmonyOS Next 入门实战 - 文字转拼音，文字转语音

文字转拼音

安装 pinyin4js 三方库

ohpm install @ohos/pinyin4js

pinyin4js 提供了以下接口：

● 文字转拼音（带声调和不带声调）

● 文字转拼音首字母

● 简体繁体互转

let rawText = "风急天高猿萧哀，渚清沙白鸟飞回；"
let pinyin1: string =
  pinyin4js.convertToPinyinString(rawText, " ", pinyin4js.WITH_TONE_MARK)
//fēng jí tiān gāo yuán xiāo āi ， zhǔ qīng shā bái niǎo fēi huí ；
let pinyin2: string = pinyin4js.convertToPinyinString(rawText, " ", pinyin4js.WITHOUT_TONE)
//feng ji tian gao yuan xiao ai ， zhu qing sha bai niao fei hui ；
let pinyinFirst: string = pinyin4js.getShortPinyin(rawText)
//fjtgyxa，zqsbnfh；
let sTot: string = pinyin4js.convertToTraditionalChinese(rawText)
//風急天高猿蕭哀，渚清沙白鳥飛回；
let tTos: string = pinyin4js.convertToSimplifiedChinese(sTot)
//风急天高猿萧哀，渚清沙白鸟飞回；

文字转语音

import { textToSpeech } from '@kit.CoreSpeechKit';

创建引擎

textToSpeech 提供 createEngine 方法来创建引擎

function createEngine(createEngineParams: CreateEngineParams): Promise<TextToSpeechEngine>;

CreateEngineParams 包含如下字段

● language：语种，当前仅支持“zh-CN”中文

● person：音色。0为聆小珊女声音色，当前仅支持聆小珊女声音色。

● online：模式。0为在线，目前不支持；1为离线，当前仅支持离线模式

● extraParams：扩展参数

其中 extraParams 扩展参数包含如下字段

● style ：string 风格。可选，不设置时默认为“interaction-broadcast”，当前仅支持“interaction-broadcast”广播风格。

● locate：string 区域信息。可选，不设置时默认为“CN”

● name：string 引擎名称。可选，引擎名称，不设置时默认为空

● isBackStage：boolean 是否支持后台播报。默认不支持后台播报

let extraParams: Record<string, Object> = {
  "style": 'interaction-broadcast',
  "locate": 'CN',
  "name": '',
  "isBackStage": true
}
let paramsInfo: textToSpeech.CreateEngineParams = {
  language: 'zh-CN',
  person: 0,
  online: 1,
  extraParams: extraParams
}
textToSpeech.createEngine(paramsInfo).then((value) => {
  this.ttsEngine = value
}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {

})

文本播报

创建引擎后，通过调用引擎对象的 speak 方法进行文本播报

TextToSpeechEngine.speak(text: string, speakParams: SpeakParams): void;

● text：待播报的文本

● speakParams：合成播报音频的相关参数

speakParams 包含如下字段

● requestId：合成播报ID，全局不允许重复

● extraParams

○ speed：语速，可选，支持范围[0.5-2]，不传参时默认为1

○ volume：音量，可选，支持范围[0-2]，不传参时默认为1，

○ pitch：音调。可选，支持范围[0.5-2]，不传参时默认为1，

○ languageContext：语境，播放阿拉伯数字用的语种。可选，当前仅支持“zh-CN”中文，默认“zh-CN”

○ audioType：音频类型。可选，当前仅支持“pcm”且为默认

○ playType：合成类型。0：仅合成不播报，返回音频流。1：合成与播报不返回音频流（默认）

○ soundChannel：播报通道，默认为3语音助手通道

○ queueMode：播报模式。可选，0：排队模式播报（默认）。1：抢占模式播报。

let extraParams: Record<string, Object> = {
  "speed": 1,
  "volume": 1,
  "pitch": 1,
  "languageContext": 'zh-CN',
  "audioType": 'pcm',
  "playType": 1,
  "soundChannel": 3,
  "queueMode": 1
}
let params: textToSpeech.SpeakParams = {
  requestId: util.generateRandomUUID(),
  extraParams: extraParams
}
this.ttsEngine?.speak(text, params)

停止播报

this.ttsEngine.stop()

状态监听

设置播报监听，可以收到开始，完成，暂停，播报信息，错误等状态回调

let listener: textToSpeech.SpeakListener = {
  //播报开始时，回调此接口
  onStart: (requestId: string, response: textToSpeech.StartResponse): void => {

  },
  //合成或播报结束后分别回调此接口，CompleteResponse.type = 0：合成结束。1：播报结束。
  onComplete: (requestId: string, response: textToSpeech.CompleteResponse): void => {

  },
  //调用stop()方法时，回调此接口
  onStop: (requestId: string, response: textToSpeech.StopResponse): void => {

  },
  //合成播报过程中，出现错误时回调
  onError: (requestId: string, errorCode: number, errorMessage: string): void => {

  },
  //合成播报过程中回调此接口，返回请求ID，音频流信息，音频附加信息如格式、时长等
  onData:(requestId: string, audio: ArrayBuffer, response: textToSpeech.SynthesisResponse) :void => {

  }
}
this.ttsEngine?.setListener(listener)

播报策略

● 单词播报方式：[hN] (N=0/1/2) 0-智能判断，1-逐个字母播报，2-单词播报 例如：hello[h1] world

● 数字播报策略：[nN] (N=0/1/2) 0-智能判断，1-逐个号码播报，2-作为数值播报 例如：[n2]123[n1]456[n0]

● 静音停顿：[pN] N为无符号整数，单位为ms，例如：你好[p500]小艺

● 指定汉字发音：[=MN] M表示拼音，N表示声调，1~5分别表示阴平、阳平、上声、去声和轻声5个声调。例如：着[=zhuo2]手

诗词拼音展示

创建拼音展示组件

此组件使用Column和Flex组件来实现，每个Flex组件为一个段落，Flex内容包含多个单个汉字和拼音。

@Component
struct PinyinView {
  @Prop text: string
  @Prop pinyin: string
  private textArray: Array<string> = []
  private pinyinArray: Array<Array<string>> = []

  aboutToAppear(): void {
    this.textArray = this.text.split("\n")
    let pinyinRow = this.pinyin.split("\n")
    for (let row of pinyinRow) {
      this.pinyinArray.push(row.trim().split(" "))
    }
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      ForEach(this.textArray, (item: string, rowIndex) => {
        if (item) {
          Flex({
            direction: FlexDirection.Row,
            wrap: FlexWrap.Wrap,
            space: { cross: LengthMetrics.vp(8) }
          }) {
            ForEach(item.split(""), (item1: string, index) => {
              this.WordView(item1, this.pinyinArray[rowIndex][index])
            })
          }.width('90%').margin({ top: rowIndex == 0 ? 0 : 8 })
        } else {
          Row().width('100%').height(22)
        }
      })
    }
  }

  @Builder
  WordView(text: string, pinyin: string) {
    Column() {
      Text(pinyin)
        .fontSize(12)
        .fontColor(Theme.Color.textSecondary)
        .padding({ top: 3, bottom: 3 })
        .visibility(this.isHanZi(text) ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.Hidden)
      Text(text)
        .fontSize(20)
        .fontColor(Theme.Color.textPrimary)
        .margin({ top: 3 })
    }.width("12.5%")
  }

  isHanZi(text: string) {
    return text.charCodeAt(0) >= 0x4e00 && text.charCodeAt(0) <= 0x9fa5
  }
}

诗词朗读

@ComponentV2
export struct PoetryDetailPage {
  @Local soundPlayStatus: boolean = false
  ttsEngine: textToSpeech.TextToSpeechEngine | null = null

  aboutToDisappear(): void {
    if (this.ttsEngine) {
      this.ttsEngine.stop()
      this.ttsEngine.shutdown()
    }
  }

  initEngine(): Promise<void> {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      if (this.ttsEngine == null) {
        let extraParams: Record<string, Object> = {
          "style": 'interaction-broadcast',
          "locate": 'CN',
          "name": '',
          "isBackStage": true
        }
        let paramsInfo: textToSpeech.CreateEngineParams = {
          language: 'zh-CN',
          person: 0,
          online: 1,
          extraParams: extraParams
        }
        textToSpeech.createEngine(paramsInfo).then((value) => {
          this.ttsEngine = value
          resolve()
        }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
          Toast.show(err.message)
          reject()
        })
      } else {
        resolve()
      }
    })
  }

  speak() {
    if (this.ttsEngine && this.ttsEngine.isBusy()) {
      this.ttsEngine.stop()
      return
    }
    this.initEngine().then(() => {
      let listener: textToSpeech.SpeakListener = {
        onStart: (requestId: string, response: textToSpeech.StartResponse): void => {
          this.soundPlayStatus = true
        },
        onComplete: (requestId: string, response: textToSpeech.CompleteResponse): void => {
          if (response.type == 1) {
            this.soundPlayStatus = false
          }
        },
        onStop: (requestId: string, response: textToSpeech.StopResponse): void => {
          this.soundPlayStatus = false
        },
        onError: (requestId: string, errorCode: number, errorMessage: string): void => {
          this.soundPlayStatus = false
        }
      }
      this.ttsEngine?.setListener(listener)
      let extraParams: Record<string, Object> = {
        "speed": 1,
        "volume": 1,
        "pitch": 1,
        "languageContext": 'zh-CN',
        "audioType": 'pcm',
        "playType": 1,
        "soundChannel": 3,
        "queueMode": 1
      }
      let params: textToSpeech.SpeakParams = {
        requestId: util.generateRandomUUID(),
        extraParams: extraParams
      }
      let speakText =
        `${this.poetry?.title}[p200]
        ${this.poetry?.dynasty}[p50]${this.poetry?.author}[p200]
        ${this.poetry?.text}`

      this.ttsEngine?.speak(speakText, params)
    })
  }
}

---

本文的技术设计和实现都是基于作者工作中的经验总结，如有错误，请留言指正，谢谢。