Spring 的application.properties项目配置与注解

一、项目结构介绍

如上图所示，Spring Boot的基础结构共三个文件:

src/main/java  程序开发以及主程序入口

src/main/resources 配置文件

src/test/java  测试程序

二、application.properties 配置文件

默认启动项目的url配置，不需要加项目路径默认为/ 可以自行修改。

端口默认8080 修改端口号为8888

项目名称server.context-path

server.port=8888
server.context-path=/HelloWorld

helloWorld=spring boot
@Value("${helloWorld}")根据key-value直接注入helloWorld

@RestController
public class HelloWorldController {

@Value("${helloWorld}")
private String helloWorld;

@RequestMapping("/helloWorld")
public String say(){
return helloWorld;
}

}
@RestController的意思就是controller里面的方法都以json格式输出，不用再写什么jackjson配置的了！

启动主程序，打开浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/HelloWorld/helloWorld，就可以看到效果了。页面输出spring boot

三、@Value将外部配置文件的值动态注入到Bean

配置文件主要有两类：

application.properties。application.properties在spring boot启动时默认加载此文件
自定义属性文件。自定义属性文件通过@PropertySource加载。@PropertySource可以同时加载多个文件，也可以加载单个文件。如果相同第一个属性文件和第二属性文件存在相同key，则最后一个属性文件里的key启作用。加载文件的路径也可以配置变量，如下文的${anotherfile.configinject}，此值定义在第一个属性文件config.properties
第一个属性文件config.properties内容如下： 
${anotherfile.configinject}作为第二个属性文件加载路径的变量值

book.name=bookName
anotherfile.configinject=placeholder
第二个属性文件config_placeholder.properties内容如下：

book.name.placeholder=bookNamePlaceholder
下面通过@Value(“${app.name}”)语法将属性文件的值注入bean属性值

@Component
// 引入外部配置文件组：${app.configinject}的值来自config.properties。
// 如果相同
@PropertySource({"classpath:com/hry/spring/configinject/config.properties",
"classpath:com/hry/spring/configinject/config_${anotherfile.configinject}.properties"})
public class ConfigurationFileInject{
@Value("${app.name}")
private String appName; // 这里的值来自application.properties，spring boot启动时默认加载此文件

@Value("${book.name}")
private String bookName; // 注入第一个配置外部文件属性

@Value("${book.name.placeholder}")
private String bookNamePlaceholder; // 注入第二个配置外部文件属性

@Autowired
private Environment env; // 注入环境变量对象，存储注入的属性值

public String toString(){
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("bookName=").append(bookName).append("\r\n")
.append("bookNamePlaceholder=").append(bookNamePlaceholder).append("\r\n")
.append("appName=").append(appName).append("\r\n")
.append("env=").append(env).append("\r\n")
// 从eniroment中获取属性值
.append("env=").append(env.getProperty("book.name.placeholder")).append("\r\n");
return sb.toString();
}
}
Application.java同上文

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes=Application.class)
public class ConfiginjectApplicationTest {
@Autowired
private ConfigurationFileInject configurationFileInject;

@Test
public void configurationFileInject(){
System.out.println(configurationFileInject.toString());
}
}
测试结果

bookName=bookName
bookNamePlaceholder=bookNamePlaceholder
appName=appName
env=StandardEnvironment {activeProfiles=[], defaultProfiles=[default], propertySources=[Inlined Test Properties,systemProperties,systemEnvironment,random,applicationConfig: [classpath:/application.properties],class path resource [com/hry/spring/configinject/config_placeholder.properties],class path resource [com/hry/spring/configinject/config.properties]]}
env=bookNamePlaceholder
四、application.properties配置数据库连接

有前缀的属性注入

请求url

mysql.jdbcName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
mysql.dbUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_boot
mysql.userName=root
mysql.password=123456
@Component 让spring加载

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
* Mysql属性配置文件
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@RestController
public class MysqlProperties {
@Value("${mysql.jdbcName}")
private String jdbcName;
@Value("${mysql.dbUrl}")
private String dbUrl;
@Value("${mysql.userName}")
private String userName;
@Value("${mysql.password}")
private String password;

public String getJdbcName() {
return jdbcName;
}

public void setJdbcName(String jdbcName) {
this.jdbcName = jdbcName;
}

public String getDbUrl() {
return dbUrl;
}

public void setDbUrl(String dbUrl) {
this.dbUrl = dbUrl;
}

public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}

public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}

public String getPassword() {
return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}

}
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="mysql") 就是application配置文件的前缀mysql

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
* Mysql属性配置文件
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="mysql")
public class MysqlProperties {

private String jdbcName;

private String dbUrl;

private String userName;

private String password;

public String getJdbcName() {
return jdbcName;
}

public void setJdbcName(String jdbcName) {
this.jdbcName = jdbcName;
}

public String getDbUrl() {
return dbUrl;
}

public void setDbUrl(String dbUrl) {
this.dbUrl = dbUrl;
}

public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}

public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}

public String getPassword() {
return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}

}
@Component已经变为spring管理的bean了@Resource  直接引入

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloWorldController {

@Resource
private MysqlProperties mysqlProperties;

@RequestMapping("/showJdbc")
public String showJdbc(){
return "mysql.jdbcName:"+mysqlProperties.getJdbcName()+"<br/>"
+"mysql.dbUrl:"+mysqlProperties.getDbUrl()+"<br/>"
+"mysql.userName:"+mysqlProperties.getUserName()+"<br/>"
+"mysql.password:"+mysqlProperties.getPassword()+"<br/>";
}
}
五、spring处理http请求

@Controller 处理http请求的注解，请求后台转发页面

@RequestMapping 映射路径

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/freemarker")
public class HelloWorldFreemarkerController {

@RequestMapping("/say")
public ModelAndView say(){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("message", "springboot！");
mav.setViewName("helloWorld");
return mav;
}
}
helloWorld的模板文件

helloWorld.ftl

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
show: ${message}
</body>
</html>
@PathVariable获取url参数

@RequestParam 获取get或post参数或者是form和url参数

rest风格的资源url请求

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script src="http://www.java1234.com/jquery-easyui-1.3.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function show(){
$.post("ajax/hello",{},function(result){
alert(result);
});
}

</script>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="show()">你好</button>
<a href="/HelloWorld/blog/21">天天</a>
<a href="/HelloWorld/blog/query?q=123456">搜索</a>
</body>
</html>
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/ajax")
public class HelloWorldAjaxController {

@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String say(){
return "{'message1':'SpringBoot你好','message2','Spring你好2'}";
}
}
@PathVariable获取url参数

<a href="/HelloWorld/blog/21"></a>
<a href="/HelloWorld/blog/query?q=123456">搜索</a>
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/blog")
public class BlogController {

@RequestMapping("/{id}")
public ModelAndView show(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("id", id);
mav.setViewName("blog");
return mav;
}

@RequestMapping("/query")
public ModelAndView query(@RequestParam(value="q",required=false)String q){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("q", q);
mav.setViewName("query");
return mav;
}
}
blog.ftl

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
id:${id}
</body>
</html>
---------------------
作者：wespten
来源：CSDN
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35029061/article/details/81926967
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！