【Log】logback的配置和使用（一）

logback介绍

Logback是由log4j创始人设计的又一个开源日志组件。logback当前分成三个模块：logback-core,logback- classic和logback-access。logback-core是其它两个模块的基础模块。logback-classic是log4j的一个 改良版本。此外logback-classic完整实现SLF4J API使你可以很方便地更换成其它日志系统如log4j或JDK14 Logging。logback-access访问模块与Servlet容器集成提供通过Http来访问日志的功能

想要学习logback，可以参照Logback用户手册中文版.pdf。

logback使用

• 先新建一个maven工程

　　

• logback需要引入的jar包（slf4j-api-x.x.x.jar,logback-core-x.x.x.jar,logback-classic-1.0.0.jar,logback-access-x.x.x.jar）,maven的依赖关系如下：

 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <groupId>com.test</groupId>
     <artifactId>test-logback</artifactId>
     <packaging>war</packaging>
     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>test Maven Webapp</name>
     <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
             <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
             <version>1.7.5</version>
             <type>jar</type>
             <scope>compile</scope>
         </dependency>

         <dependency>
             <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
             <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
             <version>0.9.30</version>
             <type>jar</type>
         </dependency>

         <dependency>
             <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
             <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
             <version>0.9.30</version>
             <type>jar</type>
         </dependency>

         <dependency>
             <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
             <artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
             <version>0.9.30</version>
         </dependency>

         <dependency>
             <groupId>junit</groupId>
             <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
             <version>3.8.1</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
     <build>
         <finalName>test</finalName>
     </build>
 </project>

pom.xml

• 测试类

 package com.test;

 import java.util.Date;

 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

 public class Test {

     final static  Logger logger  =  LoggerFactory.getLogger(Test.class );

     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

         logger.debug( "现在的时间是 {}" ,  new Date().toString());

         logger.info( " This time is {}" ,  new Date().toString());

         logger.warn( " This time is {}" ,  new Date().toString());

         logger.error( " This time is {}" ,  new Date().toString());

     }

 }

Test.java

• Logback 可以通过编程式配置，或用 XML 格式的配置文件进行配置。
  Logback 采取下面的步骤进行自我配置：
  1. 尝试在 classpath 下查找文件 logback-test.xml；
  2. 如果文件不存在，则查找文件 logback.xml；
  3. 如果两个文件都不存在，logback 用 BasicConfigurator 自动对自己进行配置，这会 导致记录输出到控制台。

　　如果是maven工程直接把logback.xml放在src/main/resources里面即可。

　　

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 

 <!-- scan="true"    当此属性设置为true时，配置文件如果发生改变，将会被重新加载，默认值为true。 -->
 <!--  scanPeriod="30 seconds"   设置每30秒自动扫描,若没有指定具体单位则以milliseconds为标准(单位:milliseconds, seconds, minutes or hours)  -->
 <!-- debug="false"当此属性设置为true时，将打印出logback内部日志信息，实时查看logback运行状态。默认值为false。-->
 <configuration  scan="true" scanPeriod="30 seconds">
     <!-- 上下文名称  -->
     <contextName>test</contextName>

     <!-- 存放日志文件路径 -->
     <property name="Log_Home" value="D:/logs/test" />

     <!-- INFO级别 -->
     <appender name="FILE_INFO" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">

         <!-- 级别过滤器 -->
         <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
             <!-- 设置过滤级别 -->
             <level>INFO</level>
             <!-- 用于配置符合过滤条件的操作 -->
             <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
             <!-- 用于配置不符合过滤条件的操作 -->
             <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
         </filter>
         <Encoding>UTF-8</Encoding>
         <File>${Log_Home}/info/info.log</File>
         <!-- 根据时间来制定滚动策略 -->
         <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
             <FileNamePattern>
                 ${Log_Home}/info/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log
             </FileNamePattern>
             <!-- 多久后自动清楚旧的日志文件,单位:月 -->
             <MaxHistory>1</MaxHistory>
             <TimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                  <!-- 默认值是 10MB,文档最大值 -->
                 <MaxFileSize>2MB</MaxFileSize>
             </TimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
         </rollingPolicy>

         <encoder>
             <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</Pattern>
         </encoder>
     </appender>

     <!-- ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender 控制台输出 -->
     <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
         <encoder>
             <!--格式化输出：%d表示日期，%thread表示线程名，%-5level：级别从左显示5个字符宽度%msg：日志消息，%n是换行符 -->
             <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
         </encoder>
     </appender>

     <!-- 控制java下面包的打印,没设置等级,将继承上级root的等级 -->
     <logger name="com.test"/>

     <!-- 当前日志总级别为TRACE、DEBUG、INFO、 WARN、ERROR、ALL和 OF -->
     <!-- the level of the root level is set to DEBUG by default.       -->
     <root level="DEBUG">
         <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
         <appender-ref ref="FILE_INFO" />
     </root>
 </configuration>

logback.xml

• 运行测试类Test.java的main方法，控制台输出如下

 20:35:23,708 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[test] - Could NOT find resource [logback.groovy]
 20:35:23,709 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[test] - Could NOT find resource [logback-test.xml]
 20:35:23,709 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[test] - Found resource [logback.xml] at [file:/D:/workspace/test-logback/target/classes/logback.xml]
 20:35:23,751 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - debug attribute not set
 20:35:23,753 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - Setting ReconfigureOnChangeFilter scanning period to 30 seconds
 20:35:23,753 |-INFO in ReconfigureOnChangeFilter{invocationCounter=0} - Will scan for changes in [[D:\workspace\test-logback\target\classes\logback.xml]] every 30 seconds.
 20:35:23,753 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - Adding ReconfigureOnChangeFilter as a turbo filter
 20:35:23,759 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ContextNameAction - Setting logger context name as [test]
 20:35:23,760 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender]
 20:35:23,763 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [FILE_INFO]
 20:35:23,783 |-ERROR in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.Interpreter@25:13 - no applicable action for [Encoding], current pattern is [[configuration][appender][Encoding]]
 20:35:23,819 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - No compression will be used
 20:35:23,820 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - Will use the pattern D:/logs/test/info/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log for the active file
 20:35:23,822 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@5599682f - The date pattern is 'yyyy-MM-dd' from file name pattern 'D:/logs/test/info/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log'.
 20:35:23,822 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@5599682f - Roll-over at midnight.
 20:35:23,824 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@5599682f - Setting initial period to Wed Jul 13 20:05:58 CST 2016
 20:35:23,825 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
 20:35:23,837 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[FILE_INFO] - Active log file name: D:/logs/test/info/info.log
 20:35:23,837 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[FILE_INFO] - File property is set to [D:/logs/test/info/info.log]
 20:35:23,838 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender]
 20:35:23,839 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [STDOUT]
 20:35:23,840 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
 20:35:23,841 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.RootLoggerAction - Setting level of ROOT logger to DEBUG
 20:35:23,841 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [STDOUT] to Logger[ROOT]
 20:35:23,841 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [FILE_INFO] to Logger[ROOT]
 20:35:23,842 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.JoranConfigurator@4a871190 - Registering current configuration as safe fallback point

 2016-07-13 20:35:23 [main] DEBUG com.test.Test - 现在的时间是 Wed Jul 13 20:35:23 CST 2016
 2016-07-13 20:35:23 [main] INFO  com.test.Test -  This time is Wed Jul 13 20:35:23 CST 2016
 2016-07-13 20:35:23 [main] WARN  com.test.Test -  This time is Wed Jul 13 20:35:23 CST 2016
 2016-07-13 20:35:23 [main] ERROR com.test.Test -  This time is Wed Jul 13 20:35:23 CST 2016

console.txt

　　外部输出的日志文件如下：

　　

　　info.log的内容：