python开发学习-day06(模块拾忆、面向对象)

s12-20160130-day06

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pytho自动化开发 day06

Date:2016.02.20

    @南非波波

课程大纲：

day05

http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5161349.html

day06

http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5188179.html

一、模块回顾

1. os模块

2. sys模块

3. shutil模块

高级的 文件、文件夹、压缩包 处理模块

shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst[, length])

功能：将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件中，可以部分内容

shutil.copyfile(src, dst)

功能：仅拷贝文件

shutil.copymode(src, dst)

功能：仅拷贝权限，内容、组、用户均不变

shutil.copystat(src, dst)

功能：拷贝状态的信息，包括：mode bits, atime, mtime, flags

shutil.copy(src, dst)

功能：拷贝文件和权限

shutil.copy2(src, dst)

功能：拷贝文件和状态信息

1. zipfile

2. tarfile

4. shelve模块

二次封装pickle模块功能，对比pickle而言，shelve实现了按照‘键’来取值

示例：

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''
import shelve

name = ['swht','shen','test']
class Test(object):
    def __init__(self,n):
        self.n = n
t1 = Test(1234)
t2 = Test(123456)

#存数据
# shelve_file = shelve.open('ret.txt')
# shelve_file['use'] = name
# shelve_file['t1'] = t1
# shelve_file['t2'] = t2
# shelve_file.close()

#取数据
shelve_load = shelve.open('ret.txt')
a = shelve_load.get('use')
print(a)
b = shelve_load.get('t1')
print(b.n)
c = shelve_load.get('t2')
print(c.n)
shelve_load.close()

5.configparser模块

示例：

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''
import configparser

#生成文档
#["DEFAULT"]是一个全局模块，对所有的模块生效
'''
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45',
                      'Compression': 'yes',
                     'CompressionLevel': '9'}

config['bitbucket.org'] = {}
config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg'
config['topsecret.server.com'] = {}
topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
topsecret['Host Port'] = '50022'     # mutates the parser
topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no'  # same here
config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'
with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:
   config.write(configfile)
'''

#查询
'''
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('example.ini')
print(config.sections())  #['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']
if 'bitbucket.org' in config:
    print('True')
print("['bitbucket.org']['User']:",config['bitbucket.org']['User'])
print("['bitbucket.org']['Compression']:",config['bitbucket.org']['Compression'])
for key in config['bitbucket.org']:
    print(key)
'''
#读
'''
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('example.ini')
secs = config.sections()
print(secs) #['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']

options = config.options('topsecret.server.com')
print(options) #['host port', 'forwardx11', 'compression', 'serveraliveinterval', 'compressionlevel']

item_list = config.items('bitbucket.org')
print(item_list) #[('compression', 'yes'), ('serveraliveinterval', '45'), ('compressionlevel', '9'), ('forwardx11', 'yes'), ('user', 'hg')]

val = config.get('bitbucket.org','compression')
print(val)
'''

#改写
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('example.ini')

#实现从原来的文件中读取，删除[bitbucket.org]模块后将其他内容写到example_new.ini文件中
# sec = config.remove_section('bitbucket.org')
# config.write(open('example_new.ini', "w"))

#添加[swht]模块
# sec = config.has_section('swht')
# sec = config.add_section('swht')
# config.write(open('example_new1.ini', "w"))

6. hashlib模块

该模块提供了多个算法对字符串进行加密操作。

示例代码：

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''
import hashlib

'''
#md5加密
md5num = hashlib.md5()
md5num.update(b"shendiaoxia1278@sohu.com")
print(md5num.hexdigest()) #7e023c9fafc96423da854e4923f466a1
'''

'''
#sha1加密
sha1num = hashlib.sha1()
sha1num.update(b"shendiaoxia1278@sohu.com")
print(sha1num.hexdigest()) #dd8d5deaa16c2dde03785aac99943f8f75bfaba9
'''

'''
#sha256加密
hash = hashlib.sha256()
hash.update(b"shendiaoxia1278@sohu.com")
print(hash.hexdigest()) #14b03e2271da2cc9b0cc3ff73727c6d3ba6ba17077470a92162f7b46c9d1d968
'''

'''
#sha384加密
hash = hashlib.sha384()
hash.update(b"shendiaoxia1278@sohu.com")
print(hash.hexdigest()) #a27bbc0d66d6b8b00a7ebfcad662ebed385fe2098898dfe23b88ffa88e1b6565d82e7eee5c9950c90231d0c0aa286e00
'''

'''
#sha512加密
hash = hashlib.sha512()
hash.update(b"shendiaoxia1278@sohu.com")
print(hash.hexdigest()) #42bb1886bba49373c8f8177fba32a58a1f31af7272219789db52776428789f4a39970da9a36fdef6ab76651ed9f07e0fa140e4fa7dd325cb52559389bb80ceab
'''

高级加密代码

'''
# import hashlib

# ######## md5 #######
hash = hashlib.md5(b'898oaFs09f')
hash.update(b"shendiaoxia1278@sohu.com")
print(hash.hexdigest()) #2aa29d812ca08b39d96f9441775420ba
'''

'''
import hmac

#可以使用在用户登录的时候，使用用户输入的用户名和密码进行加密后作为用户的密码

hash = hmac.new(b"shendiaoxia1278@sohu.com")
hash.update(b"swht")
print(hash.hexdigest()) #c65d9bc3f37d6cfb9a9c959a18463bf4

'''

7. subprocess模块

1. python2.7

    import subprocess
    #默认状态shell = False，必须使用一个列表的方式将shell命令传递进去
    ret = subprocess.call(["ls", "-l"], shell=False)
    #使用shell = True告诉subprocess模块对用户传入的shell命令不转义，即使用原生shell命令
    ret = subprocess.call("ls -l", shell=True)

2. python3.5

8. logging模块

示例：

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''
import logging

# logging.warning("user [swht] is start the systerm!")
# logging.critical("server is down!")
#创建日志
logger = logging.getLogger('[Test-Log]')
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

#创建一个控制台的handler并设置日志级别
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

#创建一个文件的handler并设置日志级别
fh = logging.FileHandler("access.log")
fh.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
#创建日期格式

fomatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(name)s %(levelname)s %(message)s',datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

#add formatter to ch and fh
ch.setFormatter(fomatter)
fh.setFormatter(fomatter)

logger.addHandler(ch)
logger.addHandler(fh)

# 'application' code
logger.debug('debug message')
logger.info('info message')
logger.warn('warn message')
logger.error('error message')
logger.critical('critical message')

#输出格式：
'''
2016-02-20 16:53:27 [Test-Log] DEBUG debug message
2016-02-20 16:53:27 [Test-Log] INFO info message
2016-02-20 16:53:27 [Test-Log] WARNING warn message
2016-02-20 16:53:27 [Test-Log] ERROR error message
2016-02-20 16:53:27 [Test-Log] CRITICAL critical message
'''

二、面向对象编程

1. 面向对象的介绍

1.  不要写重复的代码
2.  代码易扩展，程序遵循易读、易改的原则

2. 面向对象的特性

1.  封装
2.  继承
    1.  基类或父类或超类
    2.  子类或派生类
    一般情况下，一个子类只能有一个基类，但在python中，一个子类是可以继承多个基类，实现多重继承，可以通过多级继承来实现；继承的过程就是从一般到特殊的过程
3.  多态
    实现接口的重用

3. 类、方法

类 class

示例：

#!/usr/local/env python3
'''
Author:@南非波波
Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/
E-mail:qingbo.song@gmail.com
'''
class Role(object):
    def __init__(self,name,role,weapon,life_value):
        self.name = name
        self.role = role
        self.weapon = weapon
        self.life_value = life_value
    def buy_weapon(self,weapon):
        self.weapon = weapon
        print("%s 成功购买[%s]" % (self.name,weapon))

#实例化
p1 = Role('swht','p','A11',100)
t1 = Role('shen','t','A11',100)

print("p1[weapon]初始值:",p1.weapon)
print("t1[weapon]初始值:",t1.weapon)

#买枪行为
p1.buy_weapon("AK65")
t1.buy_weapon("AK60")

print("p1[weapon]当前值:",p1.weapon)
print("t1[weapon]当前值:",t1.weapon)

作业：

模拟人生游戏

    1.  至少有两个不同的角色
    2.  玩的过程中，必须有交互
    3.  根据不同的交互产生不同的行为
    4.  一定要用到面向对象编程的语法及思想