HDLBits答案——Verification: Reading Simulations

1 Finding bugs in code

1.1 Bugs mux2

module top_module (
    input sel,
    input [7:0] a,
    input [7:0] b,
    output [7:0] out  );

    assign out = sel ? a:b;

endmodule

1.2 Bugs nand3

module top_module (input a, input b, input c, output out);//

    wire out_0;

    andgate inst1 (out_0, a, b, c, 1'b1 , 1'b1);

    assign out = ~out_0;

endmodule

1.3 Bugs mux4

module top_module (
    input [1:0] sel,
    input [7:0] a,
    input [7:0] b,
    input [7:0] c,
    input [7:0] d,
    output [7:0] out  ); //

    wire [7:0] mux0;
    wire [7:0] mux1;
    mux2 U1 ( sel[0],    a,    b, mux0 );
    mux2 U2 ( sel[0],    c,    d, mux1 );
    mux2 U3 ( sel[1], mux0, mux1,  out );

endmodule

1.4 Bugs addsubz

// synthesis verilog_input_version verilog_2001
module top_module (
    input do_sub,
    input [7:0] a,
    input [7:0] b,
    output reg [7:0] out,
    output reg result_is_zero
);//

    always @(*) begin
        case (do_sub)
          0: out <= a+b;
          1: out <= a-b;
        endcase

        if (out==0)
            result_is_zero = 1;
        else
            result_is_zero = 0;
    end

endmodule

1.5 Bugs case

module top_module (
    input [7:0] code,
    output reg [3:0] out,
    output reg valid );//

    always @(*)begin
        case (code)
            8'h45:begin
                out <= 0;
                valid <= 1;
            end
            8'h16:begin
                out <= 1;
                valid <= 1;
            end
            8'h1e:begin
                out <= 2;
                valid <= 1;
            end
            8'h26:begin
                out <= 3;
                valid <= 1;
            end
            8'h25:begin
                out <= 4;
                valid <= 1;
            end
            8'h2e:begin
                out <= 5;
                valid <= 1;
            end
            8'h36:begin
                out <= 6;
                valid <= 1;
            end
            8'h3d:begin
                out <= 7;
                valid <= 1;
            end
            8'h3e:begin
                out <= 8;
                valid <= 1;
            end
            8'h46:begin
                out <= 9;
                valid <= 1;
            end
            default:begin
                valid <= 0;
                out <= 0;
            end
        endcase
    end

endmodule

2 Build a circuit from a simulationwaveform

2.1 Sim/circuit1

module top_module (
    input a,
    input b,
    output q );//

    assign q = a&b; // Fix me

endmodule

2.2 Sim/circuit2

module top_module (
    input a,
    input b,
    input c,
    input d,
    output q );//

    assign q = ~a & ~b & ~c & ~d | ~a & ~b & c & d | ~a & b & ~c & d | ~a & b & c & ~d |
       	 	   a & b & ~c & ~d | a & b & c & d | a & ~b & ~c & d | a & ~b & c & ~d;

endmodule

2.3 Sim/circuit3

module top_module (
    input a,
    input b,
    input c,
    input d,
    output q );//

    assign q = b & d | b & c | a & d | a & c; // Fix me

endmodule

2.4 Sim/circuit4

module top_module (
    input a,
    input b,
    input c,
    input d,
    output q );//

    assign q = b|c; // Fix me

endmodule

2.5 Sim/circuit5

module top_module (
    input [3:0] a,
    input [3:0] b,
    input [3:0] c,
    input [3:0] d,
    input [3:0] e,
    output [3:0] q );

    always@(*)begin
        case(c)
            4'd0:q<=b;
            4'd1:q<=e;
            4'd2:q<=a;
            4'd3:q<=d;
            default:q<=4'hf;
        endcase
    end

endmodule

2.6 Sim/circuit6

module top_module (
    input [2:0] a,
    output [15:0] q ); 

    always@(*)begin
        case(a)
            3'd0:q<=16'h1232;
            3'd1:q<=16'haee0;
            3'd2:q<=16'h27d4;
            3'd3:q<=16'h5a0e;
            3'd4:q<=16'h2066;
            3'd5:q<=16'h64ce;
            3'd6:q<=16'hc526;
            3'd7:q<=16'h2f19;
        endcase
    end

endmodule

2.7 Sim/circuit7

module top_module (
    input clk,
    input a,
    output q );

    always@(posedge clk)begin
        q <= ~a;
    end

endmodule

2.8 Sim/circuit8

module top_module (
    input clock,
    input a,
    output p,
    output q );

    always@(*)begin
        if(clock)
            p <= a;
        else
            p <= p;
    end

    always@(negedge clock)begin
        q <= p;
    end

endmodule

2.9 Sim/circuit9

module top_module (
    input clk,
    input a,
    output [3:0] q );

    always@(posedge clk)begin
        if(a)begin
            q <= 4'd4;
        end
        else if(q == 4'd6)begin
            q <= 4'd0;
        end
        else begin
            q <= q + 1'b1;
        end
    end

endmodule

2.10 Sim/circuit10

module top_module (
    input clk,
    input a,
    input b,
    output q,
    output state  );

    always @(posedge clk) state <= state ? a|b : a&b;
    assign q = a^b^state;

endmodule