centos 格式化硬盘并挂载，添加重启后生效

[root@cloud /]# passwd
更改用户 root 的密码 。
新的 密码：
重新输入新的 密码：
passwd： 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[root@cloud /]# fdisk

Usage:
 fdisk [options] <disk>    change partition table
 fdisk [options] -l <disk> list partition table(s)
 fdisk -s <partition>      give partition size(s) in blocks

Options:
 -b <size>                 sector size (, ,  or )
 -c                        switch off DOS-compatible mode
 -h                        print help
 -u <size>                 give sizes in sectors instead of cylinders
 -v                        print version
 -C <number>               specify the number of cylinders
 -H <number>               specify the number of heads
 -S <number>               specify the number of sectors per track

[root@cloud /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *                                Linux
Partition  does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2                              8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root:  MB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap:  MB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@cloud /]# df -h
文件系统              容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root
                      .5G  .5G  .7G  % /
tmpfs                 503M   72K  503M   % /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             485M   32M  428M   % /boot
[root@cloud /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6f476ca3.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table  will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)

Invalid partition number for type `'
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (-)
p
Partition number (-):
First cylinder (-, default ):
Using default value
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ):
Using default value 

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@cloud /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00073ffb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *                                Linux
Partition  does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2                              8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6f476ca3

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1                                Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root:  MB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_swap:  MB,  bytes
 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders
Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@cloud /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41. (-May-)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小= (log=)
分块大小= (log=)
Stride= blocks, Stripe width= blocks
 inodes,  blocks
 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=
Maximum filesystem blocks=
 block groups
 blocks per group,  fragments per group
 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        , , , , , , , , ,
        , , 

正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal ( blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every  mounts or
 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@cloud /]# ls
bin   dev  home  lost+found  media2  mnt  opt   root  selinux  sys  usr
boot  etc  lib   media       misc    net  proc  sbin  srv      tmp  var
[root@cloud /]# cd home
[root@cloud home]# ls
[root@cloud home]# ls -a
.  ..
[root@cloud home]# cd ..
[root@cloud /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /home/
[root@cloud /]# df -h
文件系统              容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_cloud-lv_root
                      .5G  .4G  .7G  % /
tmpfs                 503M   72K  503M   % /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             485M   32M  428M   % /boot
/dev/sdb1              50G  180M   47G   % /home
[root@cloud /]# echo "/dev/sdb1 /home ext3 defaults 1 1" >> /etc/fstab
[root@cloud /]# reboot

Broadcast message from root@cloud
        (/dev/pts/) at : ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

首先修改密码：passwd

查看磁盘信息：df -h

磁盘分区：fdisk

格式化硬盘：mkfs

挂载：mount

使挂载重启后生效：echo "/dev/sdb1 /home ext3 defaults 1 1" >> /etc/fstab