smartctl工具应用（转载整理）

转载：https://linux.cn/article-4682-1.html

Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T 自监控，分析和报告技术）是类Unix系统下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART自检和错误日志，启用并禁用SMRAT自动检测，以及初始化设备自检。

Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器十分有用，在这些服务器上，可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查，并将与硬件RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。

在本帖中，我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的Linux上海没有安装smartctl，请按以下步骤来安装。

安装 Smartctl

对于 Ubuntu

 $ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

对于 CentOS & RHEL

1 # yum install smartmontools

启动Smartctl服务

对于 Ubuntu

 $ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

对于 CentOS & RHEL

 # service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

样例

样例：1 检查磁盘的 Smart 功能是否启用

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 -- r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.--generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) -, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6
Device Model: ST9320325AS
Serial Number: 5VD2V59T
LU WWN Device Id:  000c50 020a37ec4
Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
User Capacity: ,,, bytes [ GB]
Sector Size:  bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:  rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/-D revision
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
Local Time is: Sun Nov  ::  IST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了SMART功能已启用。

样例：2 启用磁盘的 Smart 功能

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 -- r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.--generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) -, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===.SMART Enabled.

样例：3 禁用磁盘的 Smart 功能

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 -- r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.--generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) -, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.

样例：4 显示磁盘的详细 Smart 信息

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb // For IDE drive
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive

样例：5 显示磁盘总体健康状况

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 -- r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.--generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) -, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.

Please note the following marginal Attributes:

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE

 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022    Old_age Always In_the_past  (Min/Max /)

样例：6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘

Long测试

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 -- r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.--generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) -, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===

Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".

Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.

Testing has begun.

Please wait  minutes for test to complete.

Test will complete after Sun Nov  :: 

Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或者，我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件，就像下面这样

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text

Short测试

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 -- r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.--generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) -, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===

Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".

Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.

Testing has begun.

Please wait  minutes for test to complete.

Test will complete after Sun Nov  :: 

Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text

注意：short测试将花费最多2分钟，而在long测试中没有时间限制，因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。

样例：7 查看驱动器的自检结果

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 -- r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.--generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) -, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

SMART Self-test log structure revision number
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
#  Short offline Completed: read failure %
#  Extended offline Completed: read failure %  

样例：8 计算测试时间估值

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c /dev/sdb

smartctl 6.2 -- r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.--generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) -, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity was never started.

Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.

Self-test execution status: ( ) The previous self-test completed having the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( ) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
 power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( ) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( ) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( ) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x103b) SCT Status supported.
 SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
 SCT Feature Control supported.
 SCT Data Table supported.

样例：9 显示磁盘错误日志

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb

Sample Output
smartctl 6.2 -- r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.--generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) -, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Error Log Version: 

ATA Error Count:
 CR = Command Register [HEX]
 FR = Features Register [HEX]
 SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
 SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
 CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
 CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
 DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
 DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
 ER = Error register [HEX]
 ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
 CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
 da  e7 e5 a5 4c  ::44.515 READ DMA EXT
 da  df e5 a5 4c  ::44.514 READ DMA EXT
 da  5f e5 a5 4c  ::44.502 READ DMA EXT
 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c  ::44.496 READ DMA EXT
 da  4f e6 a5 4c  ::44.383 READ DMA EXT