python基础知识-列表，元组，字典

列表（list）

赋值方法：

l = [11,45,67,34,89,23]

l = list()

列表的方法：

 #!/usr/bin/env python

 class list(object):
     """
     list() -> new empty list
     list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
     """
     def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''在列表末尾添加一个新的对象'''
         """ L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end """
         pass

     def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''清空列表中的所有对象'''
         """ L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L """
         pass

     def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''拷贝一个新的列表'''
         """ L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L """
         return []

     def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''某个元素在列表中出现的次数'''
         """ L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
         return 0

     def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''在列表的末尾追加另外一个列表的多个值'''
         """ L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
         pass

     def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''查找给定值第一次出现的位置'''
         """
         L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
         Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
         """
         return 0

     def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''指定位置插入元素'''
         """ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
         pass

     def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''移除列表中最后一个元素,并获取这个元素'''
         """
         L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
         Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
         """
         pass

     def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''移除列表中给定值的第一次出现的元素'''
         """
         L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
         Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
         """
         pass

     def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''反转列表'''
         """ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
         pass

     def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''对列表中的元素排序'''
         """ L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* """
         pass

list

方法示例：

####

append()

>>> l = [11,45,67,34,89,23]

>>> l.append(44)

>>> l

[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44]

####

>>> l

[1, 4, 7, 11, 23, 34, 34, 44, 44, 45, 67, 89]

>>> l.clear()

>>> l

[]

####

copy()

>>> l

[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44]

>>> i = l.copy()

>>> i

[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44]

####

count()

>>> l

[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34]

>>> l.count(44)

3

####

extend()

>>> i = [1,4,7,6]

>>> l

[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34]

>>> l.extend(i)

>>> l

[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6]

####

indexi()

>>> l

[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6]

>>> l.index(44)

6

>>> l.index(45)

1

####

pop()

>>> l

[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7, 6]

>>> l.pop()

6

>>> l

[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]

####

remove()

>>> l

[11, 45, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]

>>> l.remove(45)

>>> l

[11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]

>>> l.remove(44)

>>> l

[11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]

####

reverse()

>>> l

[11, 67, 34, 89, 23, 44, 44, 45, 34, 1, 4, 7]

>>> l.reverse()

>>> l

[7, 4, 1, 34, 45, 44, 44, 23, 89, 34, 67, 11]

####

sort()

>>> l

[7, 4, 1, 34, 45, 44, 44, 23, 89, 34, 67, 11]

>>> l.sort()

>>> l

[1, 4, 7, 11, 23, 34, 34, 44, 44, 45, 67, 89]

####

 

 

元组：

 元组中的元素是不可以改变的。

赋值方法：

tup = 'a','b','c'

tup = ('a', 'b', 'c')

元组的方法：

 #!/usr/bin/env python
 class tuple(object):
     """
     tuple() -> empty tuple
     tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items

     If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
     """
     def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''某个元素在元素中出现的次数'''
         """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
         return 0

     def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''查找给定值第一次出现的位置'''
         """
         T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
         Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
         """
         return 0

     def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self+value. """
         pass

     def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return key in self. """
         pass

     def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self==value. """
         pass

     def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return getattr(self, name). """
         pass

     def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self[key]. """
         pass

     def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         pass

     def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self>=value. """
         pass

     def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self>value. """
         pass

     def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return hash(self). """
         pass

     def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__
         """
         tuple() -> empty tuple
         tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items

         If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
         # (copied from class doc)
         """
         pass

     def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Implement iter(self). """
         pass

     def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return len(self). """
         pass

     def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self<=value. """
         pass

     def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self<value. """
         pass

     def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self*value.n """
         pass

     @staticmethod # known case of __new__
     def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
         pass

     def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self!=value. """
         pass

     def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return repr(self). """
         pass

     def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self*value. """
         pass

tuple

方法示例：

####

count()

>>> tup = ('a','b','c','b')
>>> tup.count('b')
2

 ####

index()

>>> tup = ('a','b','c','b')

>>> tup.index('b')
1

 ###

 

 

 

 

 

字典：

 字典（dict）：字典为一对键（key）和值（value）的对应关系，中间使用“：”分隔开。

key在字典中是唯一的，字典是无序的。

赋值字典：

dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}

 

字典的方法：

 #!/usr/bin/env python
 class dict(object):
     """
     dict() -> new empty dictionary
     dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
         (key, value) pairs
     dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
         d = {}
         for k, v in iterable:
             d[k] = v
     dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
         in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
     """
     def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''清空字典'''
         """ D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D. """
         pass

     def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''拷贝字典，浅拷贝'''
         """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
         pass

     @staticmethod # known case
     def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         '''首先有一个列表，这个列表将作为一个字典的key，如果不给值则所有key的值为空，如果给值就将值设置为key的值'''
         """ Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. """
         pass

     def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''根据key取值，如果没有这个key,不返回值'''
         """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None. """
         pass

     def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''所有key和值组成列表的形式'''
         """ D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """
         pass

     def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''所有key组成列表的形式'''
         """ D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """
         pass

     def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''获取key的值，并从字典中删除'''
         """
         D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
         If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
         """
         pass

     def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''获取键值对，并在字典中删除，随机的'''
         """
         D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
         2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
         """
         pass

     def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''如果key不存在，则创建，如果key存在则返回key的值，不会修改key的值'''
         """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """
         pass

     def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update
         '''更新'''
         """
         D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
         If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does:  for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
         If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does:  for k, v in E: D[k] = v
         In either case, this is followed by: for k in F:  D[k] = F[k]
         """
         pass

     def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         '''所有值的列表形式'''
         """ D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values """
         pass

     def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ True if D has a key k, else False. """
         pass

     def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Delete self[key]. """
         pass

     def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self==value. """
         pass

     def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return getattr(self, name). """
         pass

     def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
         pass

     def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self>=value. """
         pass

     def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self>value. """
         pass

     def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__
         """
         dict() -> new empty dictionary
         dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
             (key, value) pairs
         dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
             d = {}
             for k, v in iterable:
                 d[k] = v
         dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
             in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
         # (copied from class doc)
         """
         pass

     def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Implement iter(self). """
         pass

     def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return len(self). """
         pass

     def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self<=value. """
         pass

     def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self<value. """
         pass

     @staticmethod # known case of __new__
     def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
         pass

     def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return self!=value. """
         pass

     def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Return repr(self). """
         pass

     def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
         """ Set self[key] to value. """
         pass

     def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
         """ D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """
         pass

     __hash__ = None

dict

方法示例：

####

clear()

>>> dic

{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}

>>> dic.clear()

>>> dic

{}

####

copy()

>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}

>>> dic2 = dic.copy()

>>> dic2

{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}

####

>>> l = [2,3,5,6,7]

>>> d = dict.fromkeys(l)

>>> d

{2: None, 3: None, 5: None, 6: None, 7: None}

>>> d = dict.fromkeys(l,'a')

>>> d

{2: 'a', 3: 'a', 5: 'a', 6: 'a', 7: 'a'}

####

items()

>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}

>>> dic.items()

dict_items([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('k3', 'v3')])

####

keys()

>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}

>>> dic.keys()

dict_keys(['k1', 'k2', 'k3'])

####

pop()

>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}

>>> dic.pop('k2')

'v2'

>>> dic

{'k1': 'v1', 'k3': 'v3'}

####

popitme()

>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}

>>> dic.popitem()

('k2', 'v2')

>>> dic

{'k1':'v1','k3':'v3'}

####

setdefault()

>>> dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}

>>> dic.setdefault('k2')

'v2'

>>> dic.setdefault('k4','v4')

'v4'

>>> dic

{'k1': 'v1', 'k4': 'v4', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}

####

update()

>>> dic

{'k1': 'v1', 'k4': 'v4', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}

>>> dic2

{'k5': 'v5'}

>>> dic.update(dic2)

>>> dic

{'k1': 'v1', 'k5': 'v5', 'k4': 'v4', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}

>>> dic2

{'k5': 'v5'}

####

values()

>>> dic

{'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}

>>> dic.values()

dict_values(['v1', 'v2', 'v3'])

####