python自动化--接口请求及封装

基于http协议，最常用的是GET和POST两种方法。

接口文档需要包含哪些信息：

接口名称
接口功能
接口地址
支持格式 json/xml
请求方式
请求示例
请求参数(是否必填、数据类型、传递参数格式)
返回参数说明
以典型的(一两个)参数做为判断是否请求通过（重点是看响应的信息判断）

一、GET

 import requests
 import json

 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
 header ={}

 r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers= header,)
 #verify=True适用于服务端的ssl证书验证，verify=False为关闭ssl验证

 print( print( print(   json_r = print(json_r)

二、POST

post请求有两种请求格式：
1、key-value的格式'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
2、标准json的格式：'Content-Type':'application/json'

#key-value

 import requests
 import json

 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
 header ={}

 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers= header)

 print('get请求获取的响应结果json类型',r.text)
 print("get请求获取响应状态码",r.status_code)
 print("get请求获取响应头",r.headers['Content-Type'])

 #响应的json数据转换为可被python识别的数据类型
 json_r = r.json()
 print(json_r)

#json

 import requests
 import json

 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
 header ={}
 #python数据类型转换为json类型（json.dumps()）
 para = json.dumps(para)
 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers= header)

 print('get请求获取的响应结果json类型',r.text)
 print("get请求获取响应状态码",r.status_code)
 print("get请求获取响应头",r.headers['Content-Type'])

 #响应的json数据转换为可被python识别的数据类型
 json_r = r.json()
 print(json_r)

三、把所有的请求封装在函数中

 def get(url,para,headers):
     try:
         r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers=headers)
         print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code)
         json_r = r.json()
         print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r)
     except BaseException as e:
         print("请求失败！",str(e))
 def post(url,para,headers):
     try:
         r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers=headers)
         print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code)
         json_r = r.json()
         print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r)
     except BaseException as e:
         print("请求失败！",str(e))
 def post_json(url,para,headers):
     try:
         data = para
         data = json.dumps(data)   #python数据类型转化为json数据类型
         r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers)
         print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code)
         json_r = r.json()
         print("json转换为python数据类型：",json_r)
     except BaseException as e:
         print("请求失败！",str(e))

 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
 headers ={}

 get(url,para,headers)
 post(url,para,headers)
 post_json(url,para,headers)

四、把所有请求封装在一个对象里

 class Webrequests:
     def get(self,url,para,headers):
         try:
             r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers=headers)
             print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code)
             json_r = r.json()
             print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r)
         except BaseException as e:
             print("请求失败！",str(e))
     def post(self,url,para,headers):
         try:
             r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers=headers)
             print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code)
             json_r = r.json()
             print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r)
         except BaseException as e:
             print("请求失败！",str(e))
     def post_json(self,url,para,headers):
         try:
             data = para
             data = json.dumps(data)   #python数据类型转化为json数据类型
             r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers)
             print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code)
             json_r = r.json()
             print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r)
         except BaseException as e:
             print("请求失败！",str(e))

 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
 headers ={}

 q = Webrequests()

 q.get(url,para,headers)
 q.post(url,para,headers)
 q.post_json(url,para,headers)