vbox虚拟机扩容（CentOS 7.2）

Preface

 

My virtual machine was simply created by vagrant in default mode without anything about the extra disk volume configuration.The default size is about 10.5G.In order to use the web browse to configure the MySQL Enterprise Monitor，I have to install the gnome desktop environment first,but I found out it was out of free space like below:

 

 ... //Omitted.
 Error Summary
 -------------
 Disk Requirements:
   At least 1988MB more space needed on the / filesystem.

   [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #df -h
 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
 /dev/mapper/centos-root .3G .1G .2G % / //Only 1.2G free space left.
 devtmpfs 911M  911M % /dev
 tmpfs 921M  921M % /dev/shm
 tmpfs 921M 8.3M 912M % /run
 tmpfs 921M  921M % /sys/fs/cgroup
 /dev/sda1 497M 164M 334M % /boot
 none 80G 27G 53G % /vagrant
 tmpfs 185M  185M % /run/user/

Therefore,I need to enlarge the disk for that.It's a little bit different from that adding a disk then mount it as a directory outside the "/" position.It's the way to increase the space of "/"(the root directroy).

 

Procedure

 

• Halt the virtual machine first,and then add a vdi disk from the original disk(vmdk) in windows cmd cli.

 C:\Users\Administrator>cd F:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox

 C:\Users\Administrator>F:

 F:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage clonehd "G:\VirtualBox VMs\zlm2\centos-vm-disk1.vmdk" "G:\VirtualBox VMs\zlm2\centos-vm-disk1.vdi" --format vdi
 %...%...%...%...%...%...%...%...%...%...%
 Clone medium created in format 'vdi'. UUID: 63be4ac1-48a1-4b52-848f-71933c6c4adc

 F:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>VBoxManage modifyhd "G:\VirtualBox VMs\zlm2\centos-vm-disk1.vdi" --resize (default "M")
 %...%...%...%...%...%...%...%...%...%...%

 F:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox>exit

• Restart the virtual machine and then add a new partition.

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #fdisk -l

 Disk /dev/sda: 31.5 GB,  bytes,  sectors
 Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
 Disk label type: dos
 Disk identifier: 0x0000ca5e

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
 /dev/sda1   *                        Linux
 /dev/sda2                     8e  Linux LVM

 Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root:  MB,  bytes,  sectors
 Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

 Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap:  MB,  bytes,  sectors
 Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #fdisk /dev/sda
 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.).

 Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
 Be careful before using the write command.

 Command (m for help): p

 Disk /dev/sda: 31.5 GB,  bytes,  sectors
 Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
 Disk label type: dos
 Disk identifier: 0x0000ca5e

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
 /dev/sda1   *                        Linux
 /dev/sda2                     8e  Linux LVM

 Command (m for help): n
 Partition type:
    p   primary ( primary,  extended,  free)
    e   extended
 Select (default p): p
 Partition number (,, default ):
 First sector (-, default ):
 Using default value
 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (-, default ):
 Using default value
 Partition  of type Linux and of size 19.5 GiB is set

 Command (m for help): t
 Partition number (-, default ):
 Hex code (type L to list all codes): L

    Empty             NEC DOS           Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris
    FAT12             Hidden NTFS Win   Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
    XENIX root        Plan             Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
    XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic    OS/ hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
    FAT16 <32M        Venix        Linux extended  c7  Syrinx
    Extended          PPC PReP Boot     NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data
    FAT16             SFS               NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
    HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x            Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility
    AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt
    AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part   Amoeba          e1  DOS access
  a  OS/ Boot Manag   OnTrack DM        Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O
  b  W95 FAT32         OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor
  c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)   CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs
  e  W95 FAT16 (LBA)   OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT
  f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
   OPUS              EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
   Hidden FAT12      Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor
   Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor
   Hidden FAT16 <   SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary
   Hidden FAT16      GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS
   Hidden HPFS/NTF   Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
   AST SmartSleep    Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
 1b  Hidden W95 FAT3   DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep
 1c  Hidden W95 FAT3   PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT
 1e  Hidden W95 FAT1   Old Minix
 Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
 Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

 Command (m for help): w
 The partition table has been altered!

 Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error : Device or resource busy.
 The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
 the next reboot or after you run partprobe() or kpartx()
 Syncing disks.

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #partprobe

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #fdisk -l

 Disk /dev/sda: 31.5 GB,  bytes,  sectors
 Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
 Disk label type: dos
 Disk identifier: 0x0000ca5e

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
 /dev/sda1   *                        Linux
 /dev/sda2                     8e  Linux LVM
 /dev/sda3                   8e  Linux LVM

 Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root:  MB,  bytes,  sectors
 Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

 Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap:  MB,  bytes,  sectors
 Units = sectors of  *  =  bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes

• Create a new PV,add to the original VG and then extend the VG.

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #pvdisplay | grep "VG Name"
   VG Name               centos

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #pvcreate /dev/sda3
   Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #pvdisplay | grep "VG Name"
   VG Name               centos
   VG Name               

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #vgextend centos /dev/sda3
   Volume group "centos" successfully extended

• Check the information logical partition.

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #cat /etc/fstab

 #
 # /etc/fstab
 # Created by anaconda on Wed Jan  ::
 #
 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
 # See man pages fstab(), findfs(), mount() and/or blkid() for more info
 #
 /dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults
 UUID=461cd9c0-513e-48db-bb08-d07a8f6ef260 /boot                   xfs     defaults
 /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults         

• Extend the new PV into the original logical partition and expand it.

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #lvextend /dev/mapper/centos-root /dev/sda3
   Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 8.26 GiB ( extents) to 27.79 GiB ( extents).
   Logical volume root successfully resized.

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root //Resizes only for ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem.
 resize2fs 1.42. (-Dec-)
 resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/mapper/centos-root
 Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root //Expands an existing XFS filesystem.
 meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=    agcount=, agsize= blks
          =                       sectsz=   attr=, projid32bit=
          =                       crc=        finobt=
 data     =                       bsize=   blocks=, imaxpct=
          =                       sunit=      swidth= blks
 naming   =version               bsize=   ascii-ci= ftype=
 log      =internal               bsize=   blocks=, version=
          =                       sectsz=   sunit= blks, lazy-count=
 realtime =none                   extsz=   blocks=, rtextents=
 data blocks changed from  to 

• Check the diskspace again with "df -h" again.

 [root@zlm2 :: ~]
 #df -h
 Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
 /dev/mapper/centos-root   28G  .5G   21G  % /
 devtmpfs                 911M       911M   % /dev
 tmpfs                    921M       921M   % /dev/shm
 tmpfs                    921M  8.4M  912M   % /run
 tmpfs                    921M       921M   % /sys/fs/cgroup
 /dev/sda1                497M  164M  334M  % /boot
 none                      80G   29G   51G  % /vagrant
 tmpfs                    185M       185M   % /run/user/

Okay，now I've got the enough disk space to install the gnome desktop environment.That's awesome!