SQL Server Logical/Physical Reads

Summary Info:

Logical Reads :    Reading Data pages from Cache
Physical Reads :    Reading Data pages from Hard Disk
Buffer Cach Hit Ratio:  (logical reads – physical reads)/logical read * 100%

Logical Reads
Logical
read indicates total number of data pages needed to be accessed from
data cache to process query. It is very possible that logical read will
access same data pages many times, so count of logical read value may be
higher than actual number of pages in a table. Usually the best way to
reduce logical read is to apply correct index or to rewrite the query.

Physical Reads
Physical
read indicates total number of data pages that are read from disk. In
case no data in data cache, the physical read will be equal to number of
logical read. And usually it happens for first query request. And for
subsequent same query request the number will be substantially decreased
because the data pages have been in data cache.

Buffer Cash Hit Ratio
Buffer
hit ratio will be calculated based on these two kinds of read as the
following formula: (logical reads – physical reads)/logical read * 100%.
The high buffer hit ratio (if possible to near 100%) indicates good
database performance on SQL Server level. So use information from
physical read and buffer hit ratio to measure performance in server
level and logical read to measure individual query level

Execess of the Logical Reads tends high memory Usage, there are some ways by which we can Reduce Logical Reads:

1. Improper/Useless/Insufficient Indexes: Indexes should be build on
the basis of data access or retrieval process if any of the indexes is
build on the columns which are not used in a query will leads to High
Logical reads and will degrade the performance while reads and writing
the data....

2. Poor Fill Factor/Page Density: Page use should not be very less. otherwise large number of page will be used for
small amount of data which will also leads to High Logical Reads....

3. Wide Indexes: Indexing on the large number of columns will leads to high logical reads....

4. Index scanning: if query is leads to index scanning on the table then logical reads will be high...

Logical Reads count can be get by using follwoing ways

Below are the ways to check logical Reads:
1. set statistics io on

2. sys.dm_exec_query_Stats
by executing the below statement we can find detailed info about reads/writes
select * from sys.dm_exec_query_Stats

3. SQL Profiler: by executing the sql profiler on that database we can find out logical reads.