iOS开发——网络编程Swift篇&Alamofire详解

Alamofire详解

预览图

Swift Alamofire 简介

Alamofire是 Swift 语言的 HTTP 网络开发工具包,相当于Swift实现AFNetworking版本。

当然,AFNetworking非常稳定,在Mac OSX与iOS中也能像其他Objective-C代码一样用Swift编写。不过Alamofire更适合Swift语言风格习惯(Alamofire与AFNetworking可以共存一个项目中,互不影响).

Alamofire 取名来源于Alamo Fire flower

Alamofire安装使用方法

使用CocoaPods安装，在podfile

 source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
 platform :ios, '8.0'
 use_frameworks!

 pod 'Alamofire', '~> 1.2'

submodule 方式安装  $ git submodule add https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire.git 

1.下载源码将Alamofire.xcodeproj拖拽至工程中如下图:

2.工程->Build Phases->Target Dependencies 增加Alamofire

3.点击如下图“+”按钮选择"New Copy Files Phase"添加,改名为“Copy Frameworks”并 选择选项下的“ Destination”为“ Frameworks”，然后添加“Alamofire.framework”

4.在需要使用的swift文件中加入import Alamofire，如下图:

功能

• Chainable Request / Response methods
• URL / JSON / plist Parameter Encoding
• Upload File / Data / Stream
• Download using Request or Resume data
• Authentication with NSURLCredential
• Progress Closure & NSProgress
• cURL Debug Output

1.0版本计划

1.0版本将在Swift 1.0发布之后。

• 100% Unit Test Coverage
• Complete Documentation
• HTTP Response Validation
• TLS Chain Validation
• UIKit / AppKit Extensions

环境要求

Xcode 6

iOS 7.0+ / Mac OS X 10.9+

Alamofire使用方法

GET 请求

  Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/get") 

带参数

 Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])

Response结果处理

 Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
          .response { (request, response, data, error) in
                      println(request)
                      println(response)
                      println(error)
                    }

Response结果字符串处理

 Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
          .responseString { (request, response, string, error) in
                   println(string)
          }

HTTP 方法（Medthods）

Alamofire.Method enum 列表出在RFC 2616中定义的HTTP方法 §9:

 public enum Method: String {
     case OPTIONS = "OPTIONS"
     case GET = "GET"
     case HEAD = "HEAD"
     case POST = "POST"
     case PUT = "PUT"
     case PATCH = "PATCH"
     case DELETE = "DELETE"
     case TRACE = "TRACE"
     case CONNECT = "CONNECT"
 }

这些值可以作为Alamofire.request请求的第一个参数.

 Alamofire.request(.POST, "http://httpbin.org/post")

 Alamofire.request(.PUT, "http://httpbin.org/put")

 Alamofire.request(.DELETE, "http://httpbin.org/delete")

POST请求

 let parameters = [
     "foo": "bar",
     ],
     "qux": [
         ,
         ,

     ]
 ]

  Alamofire.request(.POST, "http://httpbin.org/post", parameters: parameters) 

发送以下HttpBody内容:

  foo=bar&baz[]=a&baz[]=&qux[x]=&qux[y]=&qux[z]= 

Alamofire 使用Alamofire.ParameterEncoding可以支持URL query/URI form,JSON, PropertyList方式编码参数。

Parameter Encoding

 enum ParameterEncoding {
     case URL
     case JSON(options: NSJSONWritingOptions)
     case PropertyList(format: NSPropertyListFormat,
                       options: NSPropertyListWriteOptions)

     func encode(request: NSURLRequest,
                 parameters: [String: AnyObject]?) ->
                     (NSURLRequest, NSError?)
     { ... }
 }

NSURLRequest方式编码参数

 let URL = NSURL(string: "http://httpbin.org/get")
 var request = NSURLRequest(URL: URL)

 let parameters = ["foo": "bar"]
 let encoding = Alamofire.ParameterEncoding.URL
 (request, _) = encoding.encode(request, parameters)

POST JSON格式数据

 Alamofire.request(.POST, "http://httpbin.org/post", parameters: parameters, encoding: .JSON(options: nil))
          .responseJSON {(request, response, JSON, error) in
             println(JSON)
          }

Response 方法

• response()
• responseString(encoding: NSStringEncoding)
• responseJSON(options: NSJSONReadingOptions)
• responsePropertyList(options: NSPropertyListReadOptions)

上传（Uploading）

支持的类型

• File
• Data
• Stream
• Multipart (Coming Soon)

上传文件

 let fileURL = NSBundle.mainBundle()
                       .URLForResource("Default",
                                       withExtension: "png")

 Alamofire.upload(.POST, "http://httpbin.org/post", file: fileURL)

上传进度

 Alamofire.upload(.POST, "http://httpbin.org/post", file: fileURL)
         .progress { (bytesWritten, totalBytesWritten, totalBytesExpectedToWrite) in
             println(totalBytesWritten)
         }
         .responseJSON { (request, response, JSON, error) in
             println(JSON)
         }

下载

支持的类型

• Request
• Resume Data

下载文件

 Alamofire.download(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: { (temporaryURL, response) in
     if let directoryURL = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
                           .URLsForDirectory(.DocumentDirectory,
                                             inDomains: .UserDomainMask)[]
                           as? NSURL {
         let pathComponent = response.suggestedFilename

         return directoryURL.URLByAppendingPathComponent(pathComponent)
     }

     return temporaryURL
 })

下载到默认路径

 let destination = Alamofire.Request.suggestedDownloadDestination(directory: .DocumentDirectory, domain: .UserDomainMask)

 Alamofire.download(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: destination)

下载进度

 Alamofire.download(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/stream/100", destination: destination)
          .progress { (bytesRead, totalBytesRead, totalBytesExpectedToRead) in
              println(totalBytesRead)
          }
          .response { (request, response, _, error) in
              println(response)
          }

认证（Authentication）

支持以下几种认证

• HTTP Basic
• HTTP Digest
• Kerberos
• NTLM

Http basic认证

 let user = "user"
 let password = "password"

 Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/\(user)/\(password)")
     .authenticate(HTTPBasic: user, password: password)
     .response {(request, response, _, error) in
         println(response)
         }

采用NSURLCredential&NSURLProtectionSpace方式认证

 let user = "user"
 let password = "password"

 let credential = NSURLCredential(user: user, password: password, persistence: .ForSession)
 let protectionSpace = NSURLProtectionSpace(host: , `protocol`: "https", realm: nil, authenticationMethod: NSURLAuthenticationMethodHTTPBasic)

 Alamofire.request(.GET, "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/\(user)/\(password)")
     .authenticate(usingCredential: credential, forProtectionSpace: protectionSpace)
     .response {(request, response, _, error) in
         println(response)
 }

Printable

 let request = Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/ip")

 println(request)
 // GET http://httpbin.org/ip (200)

调试

     let request = Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])

 debugPrintln(request)

Output (cURL)

 $ curl -i \
     -H "User-Agent: Alamofire" \
     -H "Accept-Encoding: Accept-Encoding: gzip;q=1.0,compress;q=0.5" \
     -H "Accept-Language: en;q=1.0,fr;q=0.9,de;q=0.8,zh-Hans;q=0.7,zh-Hant;q=0.6,ja;q=0.5" \
     "http://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar"