Django自定义视图类及实现请求参数和返回参数加解密
django rest_framework中GenericAPIView配合拓展类mixin或者视图集viewset可以复用其代码，减少自己编写的代码量。下面我要实现自己的视图类，以减少代码量
新建一个myView.py
from collections import OrderedDict from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
from rest_framework.views import APIView class MyView(APIView):
queryset = None # 模型数据
serializer_class = None # 序列化类
filter_class = [] # 过滤字段
lookup_field = 'id' # 删改的查找字段
ordeing_field = ('id',) # 排序字段
pagination_class = None # 分页器 def get_queryset(self):
"""
获取queryset数据列表
"""
assert self.queryset is not None, (
"'%s' should either include a `queryset` attribute, "
"or override the `get_queryset()` method."
% self.__class__.__name__
)
self.queryset = self.queryset.all()
# self.filter_queryset()
return self.queryset def filter_queryset(self, queryset):
"""
过滤queryset数据
"""
search_dict = {}
for fc in self.filter_class:
field = self.request.query_params.dict().get(fc)
if field:
search_dict[fc] = field
queryset = queryset.filter(**search_dict)
return queryset def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
获取序列化模型
"""
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
kwargs.setdefault('context', self.get_serializer_context())
return serializer_class(*args, **kwargs) def get_serializer_class(self):
"""
获取序列化模型类， 判断存在否
"""
assert self.serializer_class is not None, (
"'%s' should either include a `serializer_class` attribute, "
"or override the `get_serializer_class()` method."
% self.__class__.__name__
) return self.serializer_class def get_serializer_context(self): return {
'request': self.request,
'format': self.format_kwarg,
'view': self
} def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
创建一条数据
"""
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
serializer = serializer_class(data=request.data)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
更新修改一条数据
"""
try:
instance = self.queryset.get(id=request.data.get(self.lookup_field))
except Exception:
return Response({'state': 'fail', 'msg': '未找到该数据'}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
serializer = serializer_class(instance=instance, data=request.data)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
删除数据，传入的时数组，表示可以删除多条
"""
try:
instance = self.queryset.filter(id__in=request.data.get(self.lookup_field))
except Exception:
return Response({'state': 'fail', 'msg': '未找到数据'}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
instance.delete()
return Response({'state': 'success', 'msg': '删除成功'}, status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) @property
def paginator(self):
"""
分页器属性
"""
if not hasattr(self, '_paginator'):
if self.pagination_class is None:
self._paginator = None
else:
self._paginator = self.pagination_class()
return self._paginator def get_paginate_queryset(self, queryset):
"""
获取分页queryset
"""
paginator = self.paginator
if paginator is None:
return None
return paginator.paginate_queryset(
queryset=queryset,
request=self.request,
view=self
) def get_paginated_response(self, data):
"""
获取分页后的返回
"""
assert self.paginator is not None
# print(self.paginator.page.paginator.count)
return self.paginator.get_paginated_response(data) def order_by_queryset(self, queryset):
"""
queryset数据进行排序
"""
return queryset.order_by(*self.ordeing_field) class MyPagination(PageNumberPagination):
page_size = 10 # 表示每页的默认显示数量
max_page_size = 50 # max_page_size：表示每页最大显示数量，做限制使用，避免突然大量的查询数据，数据库崩溃
page_size_query_param = 'page_size' # page_size_query_param：表示url中每页数量参数
page_query_param = 'page_num' # page_query_param：表示url中的页码参数 def get_paginated_response(self, data):
"""
重构分页返回的数据
"""
return Response(OrderedDict([
('total', self.page.paginator.count),
('data', data)
])) class MixinGetPageList:
"""
get只获取分页数据
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = self.get_queryset()
queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)
queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)
serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data) class MixinGetAllList:
"""
get只获取所有数据
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = self.get_queryset()
queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)
queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data) class MixinGetList:
"""
get获取分页和所有数据
"""
all_serializer_class = None # 获取所有的序列化类 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = self.get_queryset()
queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)
queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)
params = request.query_params.dict()
if self.pagination_class is not None and params.get('all') is None:
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)
serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)
self.serializer_class = self.all_serializer_class
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data) class MixinPostCreateModel:
"""
post增加数据
"""
def post(self, request):
return self.create(request) class MixinPutUpdateModel:
"""
put修改数据
"""
def put(self, request):
return self.update(request) class MixinDeleteDestroyModel:
"""
delete删除数据
"""
def delete(self, request):
return self.destroy(request) class MyMixin(MyView):
"""
增删改查
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): queryset = self.get_queryset()
queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)
queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset) serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
if self.pagination_class is not None:
queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)
# print(queryset) serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data) serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data) def post(self, request):
return self.create(request) def put(self, request):
return self.update(request) def delete(self, request):
return self.destroy(request)
定义的数据库模型，也就是models.py的模型
class Gender(models.Model):
class Meta:
db_table = 'gender'
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="名字", max_length=16)
序列化文件 serializer.py
class GenderSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Gender
fields = '__all__' def create(self, validated_data):
res = models.Gender.objects.create(**validated_data)
return res def update(self, instance, validated_data):
instance.name = validated_data.get('name')
instance.save()
return instance
然后新建一个视图文件
from ani import models
from ani.serializer import GenderSerializer
from utils.myView import MyPagination, MyView, MixinGetList, MixinPostCreateModel, MixinPutUpdateModel, \
MixinDeleteDestroyModel class GenderView(MyView, MixinGetList, MixinPostCreateModel, MixinPutUpdateModel, MixinDeleteDestroyModel):
queryset = models.Gender.objects.all()
serializer_class = GenderSerializer
all_serializer_class = GenderSerializer
filter_class = ['name__icontains']
pagination_class = MyPagination
lookup_field = 'id'
ordeing_field = ('-id',)
依次继承get、post、put、delete，实现查、增、改、删。
接下来对请求参数，及返回参数进行加密，加解密可以看我之前的文章
先新建一个MyResponse.py，自定义自己的返回类
import json from rest_framework.response import Response from utils.encryption import setDataAes class AESResponse(Response):
def __init__(self, data=None, secret='www', status=None, template_name=None, headers=None,
exception=False, content_type=None): enaes_data = setDataAes(secret, json.dumps(data)) super(AESResponse, self).__init__(data=enaes_data, status=status, template_name=template_name, headers=headers,
exception=exception, content_type=content_type)
将myView.py中的Response都替换为自定义返回类，新建了一个myViewEncryp.py
from collections import OrderedDict from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
from rest_framework.views import APIView from utils.MyResponse import AESResponse
from utils.tools import get_secret class MyView(APIView):
queryset = None # 模型数据
serializer_class = None # 序列化模型
filter_class = [] # 过滤字段
lookup_field = 'id' # 删改的查找字段
ordeing_field = ('id',) # 排序字段
pagination_class = None # 分页器 def get_queryset(self):
"""
获取queryset数据列表
"""
assert self.queryset is not None, (
"'%s' should either include a `queryset` attribute, "
"or override the `get_queryset()` method."
% self.__class__.__name__
)
self.queryset = self.queryset.all()
# self.filter_queryset()
return self.queryset def filter_queryset(self, queryset):
"""
过滤queryset数据
"""
search_dict = {}
for fc in self.filter_class:
field = self.request.query_params.dict().get(fc)
if field:
search_dict[fc] = field
queryset = queryset.filter(**search_dict)
return queryset def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
获取序列化模型
"""
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
kwargs.setdefault('context', self.get_serializer_context())
return serializer_class(*args, **kwargs) def get_serializer_class(self):
"""
获取序列化模型类， 判断存在否
"""
assert self.serializer_class is not None, (
"'%s' should either include a `serializer_class` attribute, "
"or override the `get_serializer_class()` method."
% self.__class__.__name__
) return self.serializer_class def get_serializer_context(self): return {
'request': self.request,
'format': self.format_kwarg,
'view': self
} def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
创建一条数据
"""
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
serializer = serializer_class(data=request.data)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
serializer.save()
secret = get_secret(request)
return AESResponse(serializer.data, secret=secret, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
更新修改一条数据
"""
secret = get_secret(request)
try:
instance = self.queryset.get(id=request.data.get(self.lookup_field))
except Exception:
return AESResponse({'state': 'fail', 'msg': '未找到该数据'}, secret=secret, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
serializer = serializer_class(instance=instance, data=request.data)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
serializer.save()
return AESResponse(serializer.data, secret=secret, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
删除数据，传入的时数组，表示可以删除多条
"""
secret = get_secret(request)
try:
instance = self.queryset.filter(id__in=request.data.get(self.lookup_field))
except Exception:
return AESResponse({'state': 'fail', 'msg': '未找到数据'}, secret=secret, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
instance.delete()
return AESResponse({'state': 'success', 'msg': '删除成功'}, secret=secret, status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) @property
def paginator(self):
"""
分页器属性
"""
if not hasattr(self, '_paginator'):
if self.pagination_class is None:
self._paginator = None
else:
self._paginator = self.pagination_class()
return self._paginator def get_paginate_queryset(self, queryset):
"""
获取分页queryset
"""
paginator = self.paginator
if paginator is None:
return None
return paginator.paginate_queryset(
queryset=queryset,
request=self.request,
view=self
) def get_paginated_response(self, data):
"""
获取分页后的返回
"""
assert self.paginator is not None
# print(self.paginator.page.paginator.count)
return self.paginator.get_paginated_response(data) def order_by_queryset(self, queryset):
"""
queryset数据进行排序
"""
return queryset.order_by(*self.ordeing_field) class MyPagination(PageNumberPagination):
page_size = 10 # 表示每页的默认显示数量
max_page_size = 50 # max_page_size：表示每页最大显示数量，做限制使用，避免突然大量的查询数据，数据库崩溃
page_size_query_param = 'page_size' # page_size_query_param：表示url中每页数量参数
page_query_param = 'page_num' # page_query_param：表示url中的页码参数 def get_paginated_response(self, data):
"""
重构分页返回的数据
"""
secret = get_secret(self.request)
return AESResponse(OrderedDict([
('total', self.page.paginator.count),
('data', data)
]), secret=secret) class MixinGetPageList:
"""
get只获取分页数据
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = self.get_queryset()
queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)
queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)
serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data) class MixinGetAllList:
"""
get只获取所有数据
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = self.get_queryset()
queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)
queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True) secret = get_secret(request) return AESResponse(serializer.data, secret=secret) class MixinGetList:
"""
get获取分页和所有数据
"""
all_serializer_class = None def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
queryset = self.get_queryset()
queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)
queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset)
params = request.query_params.dict()
if self.pagination_class is not None and params.get('all') is None:
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)
serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)
self.serializer_class = self.all_serializer_class
serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True) secret = get_secret(request)
return AESResponse(serializer.data, secret=secret) class MixinPostCreateModel:
"""
post增加数据
"""
def post(self, request):
return self.create(request) class MixinPutUpdateModel:
"""
put修改数据
"""
def put(self, request):
return self.update(request) class MixinDeleteDestroyModel:
"""
delete删除数据
"""
def delete(self, request):
return self.destroy(request) class MyMixin(MyView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): queryset = self.get_queryset()
queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset)
queryset = self.order_by_queryset(queryset) serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()
if self.pagination_class is not None:
queryset = self.get_paginate_queryset(queryset)
# print(queryset) serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True)
return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data) serializer = serializer_class(queryset, many=True) secret = get_secret(request) return AESResponse(serializer.data, secret=secret) def post(self, request):
return self.create(request) def put(self, request):
return self.update(request) def delete(self, request):
return self.destroy(request)
其中加密的密钥是用户的token，或者写死的字符串，tools.py
def get_secret(request):
"""
获取加密的key
"""
return request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION') or 'wchime'
如果前端的请求参数加密，那么需要对参数解密，使用装饰器，decorators.py
def request_decrypt(func):
"""
解密请求参数
只对data解密，data传入的必须是字典，不然没有update属性
"""
def wrap(request, *args, **kwargs):
data = request.data
# print(data)
secret = get_secret(request)
decrypt_data = getDataAes(secret, data.get('text'))
if decrypt_data:
data = json.loads(decrypt_data)
del request.data['text']
request.data.update(data)
# print(decrypt_data)
return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
return wrap
这时候视图文件需要装饰器解密
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator from ani import models
from ani.serializer import GenderSerializer
from utils.decorators import request_decrypt
from utils.myViewEncryp import MyPagination, MyView, MixinGetList, MixinPostCreateModel, MixinPutUpdateModel, \
MixinDeleteDestroyModel @method_decorator(request_decrypt, name='put')
@method_decorator(request_decrypt, name='delete')
@method_decorator(request_decrypt, name='post')
class GenderView(MyView, MixinGetList, MixinPostCreateModel, MixinPutUpdateModel, MixinDeleteDestroyModel):
queryset = models.Gender.objects.all()
serializer_class = GenderSerializer
all_serializer_class = GenderSerializer
filter_class = ['name__icontains']
pagination_class = MyPagination
lookup_field = 'id'
ordeing_field = ('-id',)
项目文件结构
请求提交参数脚本
import json
import requests from encryption import setDataAes, getDataAes d = {'name': 'aaa'}
body = setDataAes("wchime", json.dumps(d))
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:4000/ani/gender'
print(body)
data = {'text': body}
res = requests.post(url, json=data)
print(res.text)
print(getDataAes("wchime", res.text))
打印结果
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