生成树协议是一种二层管理协议，它通过有选择性地阻塞网络冗余链路来达到消除网络二层环路的目的，同时具备链路的备份功能。

每个VLAN都生成一棵树是一种比较直接，而且最简单的解决方法。它能够保证每一个VLAN都不存在环路。但是由于种种原因，以这种方式工作的生成树协议并没有形成标准，而是各个厂商各有一套，尤其是以Cisco的VLAN生成树PVST(Per VLAN Spanning Tree)为代表。

SW1，SW2，SW3同一的配置。  SW1为例

Switch>en

Switch#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)#hostname SW1

SW1(config)#interface range fastEthernet /-

SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk 

SW1(config-if-range)#end

SW1#show interfaces trunk

Port        Mode         Encapsulation  Status        Native vlan

Fa0/      on           .1q         trunking

Fa0/      on           .1q         trunking      

Port        Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/      -

Fa0/      -

Port        Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/

Fa0/      

Port        Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

Fa0/      none

Fa0/      none

SW1#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

SW1(config)#vlan

SW1(config-vlan)#name caiwu

SW1(config-vlan)#vlan

SW1(config-vlan)#name it

SW1(config)#end

SW1#show vlan brief 

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

    default                          active    Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/

                                                Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/

                                                Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/

                                                Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/

                                                Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/

                                                Fa0/, Fa0/, Gig0/, Gig0/

    caiwu                            active

    it                               active

 fddi-default                     active

 token-ring-default               active

 fddinet-default                  active

 trnet-default

SW3 划分VLAN 配置

SW3#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

SW3(config)#interface range fastEthernet /-

SW3(config-if-range)#switchport mode  access 

SW3(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 

SW3(config-if-range)#interface range fastEthernet /-

SW3(config-if-range)#switchport mode  access 

SW3(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan

SW3(config-if-range)#end

SW3#show vlan brief 

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

    default                          active    Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/

                                                Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/

                                                Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/

                                                Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/, Fa0/

                                                Fa0/, Fa0/, Gig0/, Gig0/

    caiwu                            active    Fa0/, Fa0/

    it                               active    Fa0/, Fa0/

 fddi-default                     active

 token-ring-default               active

 fddinet-default                  active

 trnet-default                    active

SW3#

查看

BID：优先级+MAC （MAC地址数字越小，为根桥）

SW1

SW1#show version 

63488K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory.

Base ethernet MAC Address       : 0001.9766.27A9

Motherboard assembly number     : --

Power supply part number        : --

Motherboard serial number       : FOC103248MJ

Power supply serial number      : DCA102133JA

Model revision number           : B0

Motherboard revision number     : C0

Model number                    : WS-C2960-24TT

System serial number            : FOC1033Z1EY

SW2

SW2#show version 

63488K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory.

Base ethernet MAC Address       : .E44D.7A96

Motherboard assembly number     : --

Power supply part number        : --

Motherboard serial number       : FOC103248MJ

Power supply serial number      : DCA102133JA

Model revision number           : B0

Motherboard revision number     : C0

Model number                    : WS-C2960-24TT

System serial number            : FOC1033Z1EY

SW3

SW3#show version

63488K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory.

Base ethernet MAC Address       : 00D0.97CD.098A

Motherboard assembly number     : --

Power supply part number        : --

Motherboard serial number       : FOC103248MJ

Power supply serial number      : DCA102133JA

Model revision number           : B0

Motherboard revision number     : C0

Model number                    : WS-C2960-24TT

System serial number            : FOC1033Z1EY

SW1

SW1#show spanning-tree

VLAN0001

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

  Bridge ID  Priority      (priority  sys-id-ext )

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

             Aging Time  

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.23   P2p

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.24   P2p

VLAN0002

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

  Bridge ID  Priority      (priority  sys-id-ext )

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

             Aging Time  

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.23   P2p

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.24   P2p

VLAN0003

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

  Bridge ID  Priority      (priority  sys-id-ext )

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

             Aging Time  

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.23   P2p

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.24   P2p

SW1 SW2 SW3 配置快速STP

SW1#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

SW1(config)#sp

SW1(config)#spanning-tree mode ?

  pvst        Per-Vlan spanning tree mode

  rapid-pvst  Per-Vlan rapid spanning tree mode

SW1(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

根 负载均衡 配置。  默认（4096）倍数     primary -4096-4096  ...   secondary -4096

SW1成为VLAN2的根，VLAN3的备份根

SW2成为VLAN3的根,  VLAB2的备份根

SW1

SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan  priority ?

  <->  bridge priority in increments of 

#可以使用思科的宏命令

SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan  root primary 

SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan  root secondary 

SW1#show running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration :  bytes

!

version 12.2

no service timestamps log datetime msec

no service timestamps debug datetime msec

no service password-encryption

!

hostname SW1

!

!

!

!

!

spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

spanning-tree extend system-id

spanning-tree vlan 2 priority 24576

spanning-tree vlan 3 priority 28672

!

interface FastEthernet0/

!

SW2

SW2>en

SW2#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

SW2(config)#spanning-tree vlan  root ?

  primary    Configure this switch as primary root for this spanning tree

#相反

SW2(config)#spanning-tree vlan  root primary 

SW2(config)#spanning-tree vlan  root secondary 

SW2#show running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration :  bytes

!

version 12.2

no service timestamps log datetime msec

no service timestamps debug datetime msec

no service password-encryption

!

hostname SW2

!

!

!

!

!

spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

spanning-tree extend system-id

spanning-tree vlan 3 priority 24576

spanning-tree vlan 2 priority 28672

查看是否配置正确

SW1

SW1# show spanning-tree

VLAN0001

  Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp

  Root ID    Priority

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

  Bridge ID  Priority      (priority  sys-id-ext )

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

             Aging Time  

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.23   P2p

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.24   P2p

VLAN0002

  Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp

  Root ID    Priority

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

  Bridge ID  Priority      (priority  sys-id-ext )

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

             Aging Time  

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.23   P2p

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.24   P2p

VLAN0003

  Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp

  Root ID    Priority

             Address     .E44D.7A96

             Cost

             Port        (FastEthernet0/)

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

  Bridge ID  Priority      (priority  sys-id-ext )

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

             Aging Time  

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/           Root FWD         128.23   P2p

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.24   P2p

SW2

SW2# show spanning-tree

VLAN0001

  Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp

  Root ID    Priority

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             Cost

             Port        (FastEthernet0/)

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

  Bridge ID  Priority      (priority  sys-id-ext )

             Address     .E44D.7A96

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

             Aging Time  

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/           Root FWD         128.23   P2p

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.24   P2p

VLAN0002

  Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp

  Root ID    Priority

             Address     0001.9766.27A9

             Cost

             Port        (FastEthernet0/)

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

  Bridge ID  Priority      (priority  sys-id-ext )

             Address     .E44D.7A96

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

             Aging Time  

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/           Root FWD         128.23   P2p

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.24   P2p

VLAN0003

  Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp

  Root ID    Priority

             Address     .E44D.7A96

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

  Bridge ID  Priority      (priority  sys-id-ext )

             Address     .E44D.7A96

             Hello Time   sec  Max Age  sec  Forward Delay  sec

             Aging Time  

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.23   P2p

Fa0/           Desg FWD         128.24   P2p

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