Powershell使用SSH

在编写Powershell脚本时，有时会需要和Linux机器进行交互。所以这时就需要在Powershell中使用SSH。

本文将介绍如何在Powershell中安装SSH模块，以及如何使用ssh命令。

一 Posh-SSH模块

1 安装

在Windows中点击搜索，powershell_ise

在PowerShell_ise的环境中运行

PS C:\windows\system32> find-module *ssh*

Version    Name                                Repository           Description
-------    ----                                ----------           -----------
2.0.2      Posh-SSH                            PSGallery            Provide SSH and SCP functionality for executing commands against remote hosts.
1.0.0      SSH                                 PSGallery            Provides a PowerShell-based SSH client based on SSH.net  http://sshnet.codeplex.com/
1.9        SSHSessions                         PSGallery            Svendsen Tech's SSH-Sessions module provides SSH session creation, management and int...
1.1.3      PowerSSH                            PSGallery            This module detects the first use of an SSH command, automatically runs the SSH agent...
1.0        cEPRSSharepoint                     PSGallery            DSCModule helps in installing & configuring the sharepoint site, Farm etc.,
1.0.4      PSShortcut                          PSGallery            This module eases working with Windows shortcuts (LNK and URL) files.                   

如果没有find-module的命令，需要安装PackageManagement：

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=51451

本文采用Posh-SSH的模块：

Install-Module Posh-SSH

可以通过下面的命令，查看安装的模块包含什么命令:

PS C:\Users\hengwei> get-command -Module posh-ssh
 
CommandType Name ModuleName
----------- ---- ----------
Function Get-PoshSSHModVersion posh-ssh
Function Get-SFTPChildItem posh-ssh
......

2 在PowerShell中使用SSH

可以用下面的脚本进行测试：

$username = "hengwei"
$password = "xxxx"
$secure = $password | ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force
$cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($username,$secure)
 
New-SSHSession -ComputerName 40.125.173.212 -Credential $cred -AcceptKey
 
Invoke-SSHCommand -SessionId 0 -Command "cat /etc/redhat-release"
Invoke-SSHCommand -SessionId 0 -Command "df -k" 

Host : 40.125.173.212
Output : {CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) }
ExitStatus : 0
 
Host : 40.125.173.212
Output : {Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on, /dev/sda2 30929148 1200340 29728808 4% /, devtmpfs 847688 0 847688 0% /dev, tmp
fs 858264 0 858264 0% /dev/shm...}
ExitStatus : 0 

二 SSHSessions模块

1 安装

和Posh-SSH类似，安装采用install-module的方式：

Install-module SSHSessions

其命令比Posh-SSH要少，但都是SSH相关的：

PS C:\Users\hengwei> get-command -Module sshsessions
 
CommandType Name ModuleName
----------- ---- ----------
Function ConvertFrom-SecureToPlain SSHSessions
Function Enter-SshSession SSHSessions
Function Get-SshSession SSHSessions
Function Invoke-SshCommand SSHSessions
Function New-SshSession SSHSessions
Function Remove-SshSession SSHSessions 

2 在PowerShell中使用SSH

New-SshSession -ComputerName 40.125.173.212 -Username hengwei -Password xxxx
 
PS C:\Users\hengwei> Get-SshSession
 
ComputerName Connected
------------ ---------
40.125.173.212 

SSHSessions中有一个enter-sshsession的命令，可以直接进入交互式模式，进行一些交互的操作：

PS C:\Users\hengwei> Enter-SshSession -ComputerName 40.125.173.212
[40.125.173.212]: /home/hengwei # : pwd
/home/hengwei
[40.125.173.212]: /home/hengwei # : mkdir test
[40.125.173.212]: /home/hengwei # : ls
test
[40.125.173.212]: /home/hengwei # : ls -l
total 0
drwxrwxr-x. 2 hengwei hengwei 6 Nov 20 07:29 test
[40.125.173.212]: /home/hengwei # : 

也可以使用invoke-sshcommand的模式实现命令

PS C:\Users\hengwei> Invoke-SshCommand -ComputerName 40.125.173.212 -Command "sudo cat /etc/fstab"
[40.125.173.212]
# UUID=b7559ac5-b3a4-4b00-b98a-a2a2611806d0 / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=b98659b2-5f8c-493e-9304-658905ef1391 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 

大家还可以安装一下其他的ssh模块，实现在Powershell中的ssh功能。

三 删除模块

以Posh-SSH模块为例，删除命令：

PS C:\windows\system32> remove-module -name posh-ssh -Force -Verbose -Debug
VERBOSE: Removing the imported "Get-PoshSSHModVersion" function.
VERBOSE: Removing the imported "Get-SFTPChildItem" function.
VERBOSE: Removing the imported "Get-SFTPContent" function.
......

同时，删除Posh-SSH的目录：

C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\Posh-SSH

这样就彻底删除了Posh-SSH模块。