Linux 日常操作

Linux 日常操作

Table of Contents

• 1. 查看硬件信息
  • 1.1. 服务器型号序列号
  • 1.2. 主板型号
  • 1.3. 查看BIOS信息
  • 1.4. 查看内存槽及内存条
  • 1.5. 查看CPU
  • 1.6. 查看内存
  • 1.7. 查看磁盘基本信息
  • 1.8. 查看网卡基本信息
• 2. 性能分析
  • 2.1. 占用CPU最高的进程
  • 2.2. 占用物理内存最多的进程
  • 2.3. 占用swap空间最多的进程
  • 2.4. 占用IO最高的进程
• 3. 时间相关

1 查看硬件信息

 

1.1 服务器型号序列号

dmidecode|grep "System Information" -A9|egrep "Manufacturer|Product|Serial" 示例：

[root@halberd1 ~]# dmidecode|grep "System Information" -A9|egrep  "Manufacturer|Product|Serial"
        Manufacturer: VMware, Inc.
        Product Name: VMware Virtual Platform
        Serial Number: VMware-56 4d ed 7d 00 f8 90 c2-76 6f d8 36 bb da 40 9e

1.2 主板型号

dmidecode |grep -A16 "System Information$"

1.3 查看BIOS信息

dmidecode -t bios

1.4 查看内存槽及内存条

# 查看内存槽
dmidecode|grep  -P  -A5  "Memory\s+Device"|grep Size|grep -v Range
# 查看最大支持内存容量
dmidecode|grep -P  'Maximum\s+Capacity'
# 查看内存的频率
dmidecode|grep -A16 "MemoryDevice"|grep 'Speed'

1.5 查看CPU

# 查看CPU信息（型号）
[root@AAA ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
        Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 0 @ 2.30GHz

# 查看物理CPU个数
[root@AAA ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "physical id"| sort| uniq| wc -l

# 查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)
[root@AAA ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq
cpu cores    : 6

# 查看逻辑CPU的个数
[root@AAA ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l

1.6 查看内存

dmidecode -t memory|grep -E 'Asset|Manufacturer'

1.7 查看磁盘基本信息

使用 smartctl -x <device> 命令来查看厂商，型号等。

[root@halberd1 ~]# smartctl -x /dev/sda1
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-4.18.0-147.el8.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               VMware
Product:              Virtual disk
Revision:             1.0
User Capacity:        107,374,182,400 bytes [107 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
LU is fully provisioned
Device type:          disk
Local Time is:        Tue Apr 28 23:59:27 2020 EDT
SMART support is:     Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability.
Read Cache is:        Unavailable
Writeback Cache is:   Unavailable

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
Current Drive Temperature:     0 C
Drive Trip Temperature:        0 C

Error Counter logging not supported

Device does not support Self Test logging
Device does not support Background scan results logging

1.8 查看网卡基本信息

使用lshw 命令来查看

[root@halberd1 ~]# lshw -c network
  *-network
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: VMXNET3 Ethernet Controller
       vendor: VMware
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:0b:00.0
       logical name: ens192
       version: 01
       serial: 00:0c:29:da:40:9e
       size: 10Gbit/s
       capacity: 10Gbit/s
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm pciexpress msi msix bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical logical tp 1000bt-fd 10000bt-fd
       configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=vmxnet3 driverversion=1.4.16.0-k-NAPI duplex=full ip=10.10.100.150 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=10Gbit/s
       resources: irq:19 memory:fd4fc000-fd4fcfff memory:fd4fd000-fd4fdfff memory:fd4fe000-fd4fffff ioport:5000(size=16) memory:fd400000-fd40ffff
  *-network
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: VMXNET3 Ethernet Controller
       vendor: VMware
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:13:00.0
       logical name: ens224
       version: 01
       serial: 00:0c:29:da:40:a8
       size: 10Gbit/s
       capacity: 10Gbit/s
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm pciexpress msi msix bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical logical tp 1000bt-fd 10000bt-fd
       configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=vmxnet3 driverversion=1.4.16.0-k-NAPI duplex=full ip=172.26.9.19 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=10Gbit/s
       resources: irq:16 memory:fd3fc000-fd3fcfff memory:fd3fd000-fd3fdfff memory:fd3fe000-fd3fffff ioport:6000(size=16) memory:fd300000-fd30ffff

2 性能分析

 

2.1 占用CPU最高的进程

ps -aux | sort -k3nr | head -n 10 或者使用pidstat 命令,示例如下:

pidstat -ul| head -3;pidstat -u |awk '{if ($6 >1) print $0}'

只是pid 的命令不是很合适，因为不同的操作系统输出的列数不是固定的。需要自行修改awk if 中的$6。

2.2 占用物理内存最多的进程

ps -aux | sort -k4nr | head -n 10

2.3 占用swap空间最多的进程

参见:

网络:cnblog: 统计Linux 进程 swap 使用量

本地:统计Linux 进程 swap 使用量

2.4 占用IO最高的进程

参见:

网络:cnblog:Linux wio过高性能分析.

本地:Linux wio 过高性能分析

3 时间相关

• 修改时区

  • CentOS 7 /CentOS8

  timedatectl set-timezone 'Asia/Shanghai'
  

Author: halberd.lee

Created: 2020-04-29 Wed 18:04

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