linux(CentOS7) 之 MySQL 5.7.30 下载及安装

一、下载

1、百度搜索mysql,进入官网（或直接进入官网https://www.mysql.com）

2、选择 downloads

3、翻到最下面，选择MySQL Community (GPL) Downloads

4、选择MySQL Community Server

5、选择archives（历史版本）

6、选择相应操作系统、版本 ，点击download 下载

二、安装

1、配置规划

压缩包存放路径： /opt/software

安装目录： /usr/local/mysql

数据文件目录： /usr/local/mysql/data

占用端口：3306

默认socket文件存放路径： /tmp/mysql.sock 客户端与服务器端通信的套接字文件

2、解压:

cd /opt/software
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

3、重命名mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64为mysql

mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

4、创建数据目录

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

5、创建mysql用户,只用于配置mysql，无登录权限

useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

6、更改/usr/local/mysql 目录权限给mysql

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

7、初始化数据库

在/usr/local/mysql目录下执行初始化操作

注意：会生成一个临时密码，后面登录数据库会用到，记下来。PW-f?>wLp8wv

[root@bogon mysql]#cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@bogon mysql]#bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2021-04-03T12:58:00.784162Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-04-03T12:58:00.953286Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-04-03T12:58:00.977791Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-04-03T12:58:01.034994Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 3889e932-947c-11eb-85e1-000c29cabcf2.
2021-04-03T12:58:01.035793Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-04-03T12:58:01.379465Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-04-03T12:58:01.454994Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: PW-f?>wLp8wv # 临时密码

8、初始化ssl

[root@bogon mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

9、创建my.cnf配置文件

先备份原有的my.cnf

cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.old

修改/etc/my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedirr=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/data

10、mysql 启动配置

复制配置文件 mysql.server 到 /etc/init.d

cd /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

给所有用户赋予可执行权限

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld

设置为开机启动

chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

11、启动mysql服务

service mysqld start

mysql服务其他操作

查看mysql状态  service mysqld status

停止mysql服务  service mysqld status

重启mysql服务  service mysqld restart

12、配置环境变量

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile

让配置生效

source /etc/profile

13、登录mysql

mysql -uroot -pqoge.eC#l9Wg

14、重置密码

alter user root@'localhost' identified by '123';

15、重新登录

mysql -uroot -p123

16、查看数据库版本

select version;

三、重新初始化

若忘记了临时密码或意外删除了/usr/local/mysql目录等其他原因，可重新初始化。

1、停掉mysql服务

service mysqld stop

2、删除/usr/local/mysql/data 目录

rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data

3、给目录赋权

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

4、重新初始化

[root@bogon mysql]#bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

5、重新初始化ssl

[root@bogon mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup