关于.net 对excel操作的方法

asp.net打印文件用的最多的一般2种，word和excel，今天在这里整洁一下关于打印excel的几种方式及优缺点

第一种：直接打印html代码,然后将输出类型伪装成excel文件（excel是可以识别xml和html一些代码的）

代码示例子：

   /// <summary>
    /// 直接导出html并且强命名为excel格式文件
    /// 优点：导出速度快，代码易读 适合快速打印、查看
    /// 缺点：由于并非是真正意义上的excel文件 所有缺少excel的文件头，不适合进行一些导入等之类的运用。一些html控件的标签需要进行处理
    /// 推荐地方：用于一些不需要对excel进行再处理的地方
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    protected void BtnHtml_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Clear();
        Response.Buffer = true;
        Response.Charset = "GB2312";
        Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");
        Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("HtmlExcel.xls", Encoding.UTF8).ToString());
        Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";
        PageInfo<VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail> PageToPtint = ViewEntitiy.VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail.Query(0, 15, "select * from VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail where 1=1  ", ToList);
        DataSoucre = (DataSet)PageToPtint.DataList;
        DataTable dt = DataSoucre.Tables[0];
        foreach(string key in TotableDC.Keys)
        {
            if (dt.Columns.Contains(key))
            {
                dt.Columns[key].ColumnName = TotableDC[key];
            }
        }
        StringBuilder strexcel = new StringBuilder();
        strexcel.Append(@"<table><tr>");
        //导出标题
        foreach(DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
        {
            if (TotableDC.Values.Contains(dc.ColumnName))
            {
                strexcel.Append(@"<th>" + dc.ColumnName + "</th>");
            }
        }
        strexcel.Append(@"</tr>");
        //导出列值
        foreach (System.Data.DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
        {
            strexcel.Append(@"<tr>");
             foreach(System.Data.DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
               {
                   if (TotableDC.Values.Contains(dc.ColumnName))
                   {
                       strexcel.Append(@"<td>" + dr[dc.ColumnName] + @"</td>");
                   }
                }
            strexcel.Append(@"</tr>");
        }
        strexcel.Append(@"<table>");
        Response.Write("<meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"application/ms-excel; charset=utf-8\"/>" + strexcel);
        Response.End();
    }

　　第二种：使用Appliction导出excel  这里说的Applcation是由微软提供的OFFICE DOM组件。这种优点与缺点都非常明显

代码示例：

/// <summary>
    /// 使用Appliction导出excel
    /// 优点：程序可控制性强，因为使用微软本身提供的Excel打开程序
    /// 缺点：需要打开excel程序有安全隐患，IIS和程序的本身需要很高权限，容易为关闭平台导致报错，多人同时使用时容易发生冲突，服务器压力负荷较大
    /// 推荐地方：在需要对excel需要进行深度开发时使用，其他情况一概不建议使用
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    protected void BtnApplication_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

        Response.Clear();
        Response.Buffer = true;
        Response.Charset = "utf-8";
        Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");
        Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("HtmlExcel.xlsx", Encoding.UTF8).ToString());
        Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";
        System.IO.FileInfo FileInfo = new System.IO.FileInfo(Server.MapPath("b报表.XLS"));
        if (FileInfo.Exists) { FileInfo.Delete(); }
        Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); ;
        Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;
        Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); ;
        Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet;
        Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range ExcelRange;
       try
        {
            worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];
            PageInfo<VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail> PageToPtint = ViewEntitiy.VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail.Query(0, 15, "select * from VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail where 1=1  ", ToList);
            DataSoucre = (DataSet)PageToPtint.DataList;
            DataTable dt = DataSoucre.Tables[0];
            int intcolums = 0;
            foreach (string key in TotableDC.Keys)
            {
                if (dt.Columns.Contains(key))
                {
                    dt.Columns[key].ColumnName = TotableDC[key];
                }
            }
            //导出标题
            foreach (DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
            {
                if (TotableDC.Values.Contains(dc.ColumnName))
                {
                    //计算Range名 这个与excel中行用A 列用1表示类似 如果超过Z便要使用其他方式计算 这里就不作计算了
                    string rangename = (Char)(intcolums + 65) + "1";
                    //worksheet.Range[rangename]如果带一个字符代表选择一个 如果是如worksheet.Range["A1","G5"]就相当于选择了成A1到G5之间的所有单元格  定义格式时很好用
                    ExcelRange = worksheet.Range[rangename];
                    ExcelRange.Value = dc.ColumnName;
                    intcolums += 1;
                }
            }

            //导出列值
            int introw = 2;
            foreach (System.Data.DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
            {
                intcolums = 0;
                foreach (System.Data.DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
                {
                    if (TotableDC.Values.Contains(dc.ColumnName))
                    {
                        string rangename = (Char)(intcolums + 65) + introw.ToString();
                        ExcelRange = worksheet.Range[rangename];
                        ExcelRange.NumberFormat = "@";
                        ExcelRange.Value = dr[dc.ColumnName];
                        intcolums += 1;
                    }
                }
                introw += 1;
            }
            workbook.Saved = true;
            workbook.SaveAs(Server.MapPath( "b报表.XLS"));
        }
        catch(Exception ex)
        {

        }
        finally
        {
           workbook.Close(true, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
           workbook = null;
           xlApp.Quit();
           xlApp = null;
        }
       Response.WriteFile(Server.MapPath( "b报表.XLS"));
       Response.End();
    }

　　第三种：使用ADO.NET进行sql链接

    /// <summary>
    /// 使用ADO.NET连接字符串进行导入'
    /// 优点：导入速度快，低层
    /// 缺点：可编译性弱，语言生涩，操作性不强，列名必须放在第一行，自建格式必须使用其他方式创建列否则不能放在第一行
    /// 推荐使用地方：仅推荐放在无标题并且有自定义模板的word导出，其他地方不推荐
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    protected void BtnString_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Clear();
        Response.Buffer = true;
        Response.Charset = "utf-8";
        Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");
        Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("HtmlExcel.xlsx", Encoding.UTF8).ToString());
        Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";
        PageInfo<VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail> PageToPtint = ViewEntitiy.VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail.Query(0, 15, "select * from VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail where 1=1  ", ToList);
        DataSoucre = (DataSet)PageToPtint.DataList;
        DataSet DS=new DataSet();
        DataTable dt = DataSoucre.Tables[0].Copy();
        DS.Tables.Add(dt);
        foreach (string key in TotableDC.Keys)
        {
            if (dt.Columns.Contains(key))
            {
                dt.Columns[key].ColumnName = TotableDC[key];
            }
        }
        FileInfo ModelInfo = new System.IO.FileInfo(Server.MapPath("Model.xlsx"));
        FileInfo FileInfo = new System.IO.FileInfo(Server.MapPath(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd")+".xlsx"));
        if (FileInfo.Exists)
        {
            FileInfo.Delete();
        }
        ModelInfo.CopyTo(Server.MapPath(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd") + ".xlsx"));
        DataSoucre.Tables[0].TableName = "Biao";
        DSToExcel2007(Server.MapPath(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd") + ".xlsx"), DS, DataSoucre.Tables[0].TableName);
        Response.WriteFile(Server.MapPath((DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd") + ".xlsx")));
        Response.End();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 导出数据到Excel
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="Path">需要导入的Excel地址</param>
    /// <param name="oldds">需要导入的数据</param>
    /// <param name="TableName">表名</param>
    public static void DSToExcel2007(string Path, DataSet oldds, string TableName)
    {
        //Excel2007的连接字符串
        string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" + "Data Source=" + Path + ";" + "Extended Properties=\"Excel 12.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=0;ReadOnly=False \"";
        //执行导入
        ExcuteSQL(oldds, TableName, strConn);

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 执行
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="oldds">需要导入的数据</param>
    /// <param name="TableName">表名</param>
    /// <param name="strCon">连接字符串</param>
    private static void ExcuteSQL(DataSet oldds, string TableName, string strCon)
    {
        //连接
        OleDbConnection myConn = new OleDbConnection(strCon);
        string strCom = "select * from [" + TableName + "$]";
        try
        {

            //string CreateTable = "";
            //foreach (System.Data.DataColumn dc in ndt.Columns)
            //{
            //    CreateTable += "ALTER   table [" + TableName + "] add [" + dc.ColumnName + "] Text ";
            //    OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(CreateTable, myConn);
            //    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            //}
            ////CreateTable = CreateTable.Trim(',');
            ////CreateTable += ")";
            ////OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(CreateTable, myConn);
            //// cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); 

            //System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder builder = new OleDbCommandBuilder(myCommand);
             myConn.Open();
            OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter(strCom, myConn);
            System.Data.DataTable ndt = oldds.Tables[0].Clone();
            string CreateTable = "create table [" + TableName + "](";

            foreach (System.Data.DataColumn dc in ndt.Columns)
            {
                CreateTable += "["+dc.ColumnName+"] Text,";
            }
            CreateTable = CreateTable.Trim(',');
            CreateTable += ")";
            OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(CreateTable, myConn);
             cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
             string DelteTable = " drop table [Sheet1]";
            System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder builder = new OleDbCommandBuilder(myCommand);

            //QuotePrefix和QuoteSuffix主要是对builder生成InsertComment命令时使用。
            //获取insert语句中保留字符（起始位置）
            builder.QuotePrefix = "[";

            //获取insert语句中保留字符（结束位置）
            builder.QuoteSuffix = "]";

            DataSet newds = new DataSet();
            //获得表结构

            //清空数据
            //ndt.Rows.Clear();

            ndt.TableName = TableName;
            newds.Tables.Add(ndt);

            for (int i = 0; i < oldds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; i++)
            {
                //在这里不能使用ImportRow方法将一行导入到news中，
                //因为ImportRow将保留原来DataRow的所有设置(DataRowState状态不变)。
                //在使用ImportRow后newds内有值，但不能更新到Excel中因为所有导入行的DataRowState!=Added
                DataRow nrow = newds.Tables[0].NewRow();
                for (int j = 0; j < oldds.Tables[0].Columns.Count; j++)
                {
                    nrow[j] = oldds.Tables[0].Rows[i][j];
                }
                newds.Tables[0].Rows.Add(nrow);
            }

           //DataTable dt = oldds.Tables[1];
            //插入数据
            myCommand.Update(newds, TableName);
        }
        finally
        {
            myConn.Close();
        }
    }

　　第四种，采用第三方组件，第三方组件有很多种，我这边使用的是aspose.cell组件

代码示例:

    /// <summary>
    /// 使用Aspose导出excel
    /// 优点：导出灵活 可以自由编辑格式，改变样式，公共方法比较全面，对安全性能方面没有过多限制，速度也挺快
    /// 缺点：一些方法不容易让人看明白，版本限制性强，对.net框架有要求
    /// 推荐地方：极力推荐在.net4.0版本以上的系统，不推荐使用在.net 3.5以下版本，3.5酌情使用
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="sender"></param>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    protected void BtnAspose_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Aspose.Cells.Workbook Worbook = new Aspose.Cells.Workbook("b报表.XLS");

        Worksheet sheet = Worbook.Worksheets[0];
        Cells cell = sheet.Cells;
        PageInfo<VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail> PageToPtint = ViewEntitiy.VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail.Query(0, 15, "select * from VW_CLN_LendAfter_CustDetail where 1=1  ", ToList);
        DataSoucre = (DataSet)PageToPtint.DataList;
        DataTable dt = DataSoucre.Tables[0].Copy();
        foreach (string key in TotableDC.Keys)
        {
            if (dt.Columns.Contains(key))
            {
                dt.Columns[key].ColumnName = TotableDC[key];
            }
        }
        //对于导出 Aspose.CELLS有自己定义好的方法 可以F12自己看看还有哪些快速定义导入的方法
        //此处解释是将dt里面的数据全部从列0行0位置的单元导入到Word中，并且显示列名为TRUE
        cell.ImportDataTable(dt, true, 0, 0);
        //此时定义为我导出发送给客户的一些选项，默认是xls的配置 所有我想导出xlsx就需要重新定义下
        XlsSaveOptions saveOptions = new XlsSaveOptions() ;
        saveOptions.SaveFormat = SaveFormat.Xlsx;
       // Worbook.Save(Response, SaveFormat.Xlsx, ContentDisposition.Attachment, new SaveOptions(){ SaveType = SaveType.OpenInExcel, SaveFormat=SaveFormat.Xlsx, ClearData=true, CachedFileFolder="AsposeExcel.xlsx"});
        //这其中保存有很多种方案 本地保存Worbook.Save(@路径字符串)
        Worbook.Save(Response,"BaoBiao.xlsx", ContentDisposition.Attachment,saveOptions);

        //Aspose一些需要涉及到的地方
         //第几行第几列的单元格获取cell[0,1]
        //第几行第几列的单元格赋值cell[0,1].Value="值"
        //获取和设置单元格格式cell[0,1].SetStyle( new Aspose.Cells.Style(){ VerticalAlignment=TextAlignmentType.Center} );    cell[0,1].GetStyle()
    }
}