gcc 5.2.0 编译安装笔记-20151110

**转载请注明出处**

by.haunying3

系统版本号

CentOS-6.6-x86_64-minimal

编译器

gcc-4.4.7通过yum安装

rpm -qa | grep gcc

gcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

gcc-c++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

安装新版

1、选择一个地址

https://gcc.gnu.org/mirrors.html

比如

ftp://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/gcc/releases/gcc-5.2.0/gcc-5.2.0.tar.bz2

2、创建目录并下载文件

mkdir gcc

wget ftp://mirrors-usa.go-parts.com/gcc/releases/gcc-5.2.0/gcc-5.2.0.tar.bz2

3、解压

            tar -xjvf gcc-5.2.0.tar.bz2

4、安装依赖包【假设已安装——第6步中没有报缺失下列库错误，请跳过此步】

a、安装GMP

下载[https://gmplib.org/]

wget https://gmplib.org/download/gmp/gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2

解压

tar -xjvf gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2

编译并安装

cd gmp-6.1.0

mkdir /usr/local/gmp-6.1.0

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gmp-6.1.0 --enable-cxx

make -j 4

make check

sudo make install

b、安装MPFR

下载[http://www.mpfr.org/]

wget http://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-current/mpfr-3.1.3.tar.gz

解压

tar -xzvf mpfr-3.1.3.tar.gz

编译并安装

cd mpfr-3.1.3

mkdir /usr/local/mpfr-3.1.3

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mpfr-3.1.3 --with-gmp=/usr/local/gmp-6.1.0

注：指定默认路径--with-gmp-include=/usr/local/gmp-6.1.0/include
--with-gmp-lib=/usr/local/gmp-6.1.0/lib

make -j 4

make check

sudo make install

c、安装MPC

下载[http://www.multiprecision.org/index.php?prog=mpc&page=download]

wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpc/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz

解压

tar -xzvf mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz

编译并安装

cd mpc-1.0.3

mkdir /usr/local/mpc-1.0.3

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mpc-1.0.3 --with-gmp=/usr/local/gmp-6.1.0 --with-mpfr=/usr/local/mpfr-3.1.3

make -j 4

make check

sudo make install

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/gmp-6.1.0/lib: /usr/local/mpfr-3.1.3/lib:/usr/local/mpc-1.0.3/lib【重新启动失效&仅仅对当前用户有效】

或用以下方法【对全部用户永久生效】

vi /etc/ld.so.conf

将以下内容填入

/usr/local/gmp-6.1.0/lib

/usr/local/mpfr-3.1.3/lib

/usr/local/mpc-1.0.3/lib

退出运行ldconfig

5、安装gcc make check 依赖项autogen【假设
which autogen存在则跳过此步】

下载[http://www.gnu.org/software/autogen/]

wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autogen/rel5.18.6/autogen-5.18.6.tar.gz解压

tar -xzvf autogen-5.18.6.tar.gz

cd autogen-5.18.6

mkdir /usr/local/autogen-5.18.6

安装autogen依赖项guile【忍无可忍，强烈吐槽linux的依赖关系】

wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-2.0.7.tar.xz

xz -dk guile-2.0.7.tar.xz

tar -xvf guile-2.0.7.tar

cd guile-2.0.7

yum search Libtool

yum install libtool-ltdl-devel.x86_64

yum search libunistring

yum install libunistring-devel.x86_64

yum search libffi

yum install libffi-devel.x86_64

yum search gc

 yum install gc-devel.x86_64

mkdir /usr/local/guile-2.0.7

【由于非默认安装gmp跟configure兼容问题。此处须要安装一个默认的gmp：yum install gmp-devel.x86_64——不会对编译gcc的产生影响（手动指定）】

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/guile-2.0.7

make -j

make check【有几个错误。只是已经麻木，忽略】

make install

vi /etc/ld.so.conf

增加

/usr/local/guile-2.0.7/lib

运行

ldconfig

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/guile guile /usr/local/guile-2.0.7/bin/guile 30

杯具的是，不能通过--with-guile=/usr/local/guile-2.0.7/指定编译选项，仅仅能通过下面方式改动

vi /etc/profile

加入

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/guile-2.0.7/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH

运行

source /etc/profile

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/autogen-5.18.6

make -j 4

make check

make install

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/autogen autogen /usr/local/autogen-5.18.6/bin/autogen 30

6、创建数据文件夹并编译

cd ..

mkdir gcc_5.2_build

cd gcc_5.2_build

mkdir /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0

../gcc-5.2.0/configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-5.2.0 -enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release
--enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-multilib --build=x86_64-redhat-linux --with-gmp=/usr/local/gmp-6.1.0 
--with-mpfr=/usr/local/mpfr-3.1.3 --with-mpc=/usr/local/mpc-1.0.3

make -j 4

make check

make install

7、建立软连接

假设/usr/bin下的gcc等文件是实体文件而不是链接则须要【否则用update-alternatives加入优先级较低的老版本号路径】

mv gcc gcc-4.4.7

mv g++ g++-4.4.7

mv c++ c++-4.4.7

mv cpp cpp-4.4.7

然后运行

 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/bin/x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc 30

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/bin/x86_64-redhat-linux-g++ 30

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/c++ c++ /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/bin/x86_64-redhat-linux-c++ 30

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/cpp cpp /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/bin/cpp 30

8、加入库文件路径【黄色为分析过程】

cd /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0

find ./ -name *.so*

./libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/liblto_plugin.so.0

./libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/liblto_plugin.so

./libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/liblto_plugin.so.0.0.0

./lib64/libgomp-plugin-host_nonshm.so.1.0.0

./lib64/libvtv.so.0

./lib64/libssp.so.0.0.0

./lib64/libgcc_s.so

./lib64/libitm.so.1.0.0

./lib64/libcc1.so.0

./lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py

./lib64/libssp.so.0

./lib64/libstdc++.so.6

./lib64/libvtv.so.0.0.0

./lib64/libatomic.so.1.1.0

./lib64/libgomp.so.1.0.0

./lib64/libgomp-plugin-host_nonshm.so

./lib64/libubsan.so

./lib64/libcc1.so.0.0.0

./lib64/libgomp-plugin-host_nonshm.so.1

./lib64/liblsan.so.0

./lib64/libitm.so

./lib64/libquadmath.so

./lib64/libgcc_s.so.1

./lib64/libquadmath.so.0.0.0

./lib64/libquadmath.so.0

./lib64/libcilkrts.so

./lib64/libasan.so

./lib64/libatomic.so.1

./lib64/libasan.so.2

./lib64/libasan.so.2.0.0

./lib64/libcilkrts.so.5.0.0

./lib64/libcilkrts.so.5

./lib64/libtsan.so.0.0.0

./lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.21

./lib64/libgomp.so.1

./lib64/libssp.so

./lib64/libubsan.so.0

./lib64/libatomic.so

./lib64/libitm.so.1

./lib64/libstdc++.so

./lib64/libtsan.so.0

./lib64/libtsan.so

./lib64/libcc1.so

./lib64/liblsan.so.0.0.0

./lib64/liblsan.so

./lib64/libvtv.so

./lib64/libgomp.so

./lib64/libubsan.so.0.0.0

./lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/plugin/libcc1plugin.so.0.0.0

./lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/plugin/libcc1plugin.so

./lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/plugin/libcc1plugin.so.0

打开配置文件

vi
/etc/ld.so.conf

将路径写入

/usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/lib64

/usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0/plugin

/usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/5.2.0

运行

ldconfig

ldconfig: /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py 不是 ELF 文件 - 它起始的魔数错误。

mv /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/lib64/bak_libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py

ldconfig

验证

ldd mysql【用户程序已经切换到新库】

linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fffb5bff000)

        libncursesw.so.5 => /lib64/libncursesw.so.5 (0x00007f2c6be7f000)

        libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f2c6bc61000)

        libmysqlclient.so.16 => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.16 (0x00007f2c6b8dd000)

        libcrypt.so.1 => /lib64/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007f2c6b6a6000)

        libnsl.so.1 => /lib64/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007f2c6b48c000)

        libssl.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libssl.so.10 (0x00007f2c6b220000)

        libcrypto.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10 (0x00007f2c6ae3d000)

        libz.so.1 => /lib64/libz.so.1 (0x00007f2c6ac26000)

        libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f2c6a899000)

        libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f2c6a615000)

        libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f2c6a3fe000)

        libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f2c6a06a000)

        libtinfo.so.5 => /lib64/libtinfo.so.5 (0x00007f2c69e49000)

        libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f2c69c44000)

        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f2c6c0b4000)

        libfreebl3.so => /lib64/libfreebl3.so (0x00007f2c699cb000)

        libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /lib64/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x00007f2c69787000)

        libkrb5.so.3 => /lib64/libkrb5.so.3 (0x00007f2c694a0000)

        libcom_err.so.2 => /lib64/libcom_err.so.2 (0x00007f2c6929c000)

        libk5crypto.so.3 => /lib64/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x00007f2c69070000)

        libkrb5support.so.0 => /lib64/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x00007f2c68e64000)

        libkeyutils.so.1 => /lib64/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x00007f2c68c61000)

        libresolv.so.2 => /lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007f2c68a47000)

        libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f2c68827000)

ldd /bin/ls 【对系统无影响】

        linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fff0337f000)

        libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f2f230ef000)

        librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00007f2f22ee7000)

        libcap.so.2 => /lib64/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f2f22ce2000)

        libacl.so.1 => /lib64/libacl.so.1 (0x00007f2f22ada000)

        libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f2f22746000)

        libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f2f22541000)

        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f2f23314000)

        libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f2f22324000)

        libattr.so.1 => /lib64/libattr.so.1 (0x00007f2f2211f000)

9、<个人觉得此步没有必要>更新系统动态库链接文件【黄色为分析和说明，此步骤可直接看操作】

首先找出旧版本号安装包【已经在编译后将老版本号gcc卸载】

rpm -qa | grep 4.4.7

db4-4.7.25-18.el6_4.x86_64

libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

cpp-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

libgomp-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

找出安装包相应的动态库文件【不包括有版本号路径下的库文件】

rpm -ql libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 | grep lib

/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6

/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.13

rpm -ql cpp-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 | grep lib

/lib/cpp

/usr/libexec/gcc

/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux

/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.4

/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.4/cc1

/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7

/usr/share/locale/be/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/id/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

/usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/cpplib.mo

 rpm -ql libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 | grep lib

/usr/include/c++/4.4.4/cstdlib

/usr/include/c++/4.4.4/tr1/cstdlib

/usr/include/c++/4.4.4/tr1/stdlib.h

/usr/include/c++/4.4.4/tr1_impl/cstdlib

/usr/lib/gcc

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.4

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.4/libstdc++.a

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.4/libsupc++.a

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog-1998.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog-1999.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog-2000.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog-2001.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog-2002.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog-2003.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog-2004.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog-2005.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog-2006.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog-2007.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/ChangeLog~.bz2

/usr/share/doc/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7/README

rpm -ql libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 | grep lib

/lib64/libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1

/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1

/usr/share/doc/libgcc-4.4.7

/usr/share/doc/libgcc-4.4.7/COPYING.LIB

rpm -ql libgomp-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 | grep lib

/usr/lib64/libgomp.so.1

/usr/lib64/libgomp.so.1.0.0

/usr/share/doc/libgomp-4.4.7

/usr/share/doc/libgomp-4.4.7/ChangeLog.bz2

/usr/share/info/libgomp.info.gz

查看上面筛选出的文件，确认是否为链接文件。以及链接到哪个文件

ll /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 11月 10 22:30 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.13

ll /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.13

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 987096 10月 15 2014 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.13

ll /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 28 1月  28 2015 /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 -> libgcc_s-4.4.7-20120601.so.1

ll /usr/lib64/libgomp.so.1

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 1月  28 2015 /usr/lib64/libgomp.so.1 -> libgomp.so.1.0.0

ll /usr/lib64/libgomp.so.1.0.0

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 85264 10月 15 2014 /usr/lib64/libgomp.so.1.0.0

进入新版gcc文件夹查找文件

find ./ -name libstdc++.so.6

./lib64/libstdc++.so.6

ll ./lib64/libstdc++.so.6

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 11月  7 03:29 ./lib64/libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.21

find ./ -name libgcc_s.so.1

./lib64/libgcc_s.so.1

ll ./lib64/libgcc_s.so.1

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 533684 11月  7 03:29 ./lib64/libgcc_s.so.1

find ./ -name libgomp.so.1

./lib64/libgomp.so.1

ll ./lib64/libgomp.so.1

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 11月  7 03:30 ./lib64/libgomp.so.1 -> libgomp.so.1.0.0

结论：经比較发现仅仅有 libstdc++.so.6.0.21版本较高，且libgcc_s.so.1为不同文件【libgomp.so.1.0.0版本一致，不作处理】

操作：

cp /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.21 /usr/lib64/

ldconfig

ll /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 11月 11 01:51 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.21

能够看到libstdc++.so.6已经更新

重新启动系统验证系统兼容度【^_^reboot成功】

作死更新libgcc_s.so.1[谨慎操作]（事实上按实际情况c库的ABI兼容度更高）

cp /usr/local/gcc-5.2.0/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib64/libgcc_s-5.2.0-20151110.so.1

 ldconfig

ll /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 28 11月 11 02:00 /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 -> libgcc_s-5.2.0-20151110.so.1

重新启动系统验证系统兼容度【^_^reboot成功】

10、遗留问题

库文件兼容性问题【文档+理论——具体验证】

最后：非常感谢广大网友，你们的博客给了我非常多帮助，对应链接在此不一一列举