Android测试工具 UIAutomator介绍

UI Automator 测试工具定义以及用途

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UI Automator 测试框架提供了一组 API，用于构建在用户应用和系统应用上执行交互的界面测试。通过 UI Automator API，您可以执行在测试设备中打开“设置”菜单或应用启动器等操作。UI Automator 测试框架非常适合编写黑盒式自动化测试，此类测试的测试代码不依赖于目标应用的内部实现细节。

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优点：可以对所有的操作来进行自动化，操作简单（eg:点击事件 ，侧滑事件，上拉事件，以及模拟键盘输入测试用例）。可以测试所有设备的程序。

缺点：必须要Android4.0以上才能使用。

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UI Automator 的执行呢，需要我们编写完毕打成jar包，直接上传到/data/local/tmp/ 目录下面，然后用adb 命令执行即可。由于是安卓原生的，比较稳定，运行的速度也比较快。

我们下载了安卓的环境变量后，然后下载任意大于4.0的安卓版本sdk即可。

都会有这个jar包，我们在写代码，创建工程的时候，直接引入即可。

如何获取定位呢，我们可以uiautomatorviewer。

UI Automator 测试框架的主要功能包括：

用于检查布局层次结构的查看器。

用于检索状态信息并在目标设备上执行操作的 API。

支持跨应用界面测试的 API。

UI Automator 测试框架提供了一个 UiDevice 类，用于在运行目标应用的设备上访问和执行操作。您可以调用其方法以访问设备属性，如当前屏幕方向或显示屏尺寸。UiDevice 类还可用于执行以下操作：

改变设备的旋转。

按硬件键，如“音量调高按钮”。

按返回、主屏幕或菜单按钮。

打开通知栏。

截取当前窗口的屏幕截图。

UI Automator API

通过 UI Automator API，您可以编写可靠的测试，而无需了解目标应用的实现细节。您可以使用这些 API 在多个应用间捕获和操纵界面组件：

UiCollection：枚举容器的界面元素，目的是为了计数，或者按可见文本或内容说明属性来定位子元素。

UiObject：表示设备上可见的界面元素。

UiScrollable：支持搜索可滚动界面容器中的项目。

UiSelector：表示对设备上的一个或多个目标界面元素的查询。

Configurator：可让您设置用于运行 UI Automator 测试的关键参数。

官方文档

https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/package-summary

官方文档有着详细的介绍

正常的我们加入后，在后可以看到，有什么类，方式是什么，里面有什么api。

我们可以在引入后查看。

下面列举几个类的方法

UiDevice

void    clearLastTraversedText()
// 清除上次UI遍历的事件

boolean click(int x, int y)
// 根据坐标点击

boolean drag(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps)
// 拖动

void    dumpWindowHierarchy(File dest)
// dump当前的层次化结构到文件中

void    dumpWindowHierarchy(OutputStream out)
// dump当前的层次化结构到流中

void    dumpWindowHierarchy(String fileName)
// dump当前的层次化结构到文件中

UiObject2   findObject(BySelector selector)
// 根据BySelector查找

UiObject    findObject(UiSelector selector)
// 根据UiSelector 查找

List<UiObject2> findObjects(BySelector selector)
// 根据BySelector查找

void    freezeRotation()
// 冻结旋转的状态

String  getCurrentActivityName()
// 获取当前Activity的名字，已经被废弃

String  getCurrentPackageName()
// 获取当前package

int getDisplayHeight()
// Gets the height of the display, in pixels.

int getDisplayRotation()
// Returns the current rotation of the display, as defined in Surface

Point   getDisplaySizeDp()
// Returns the display size in dp (device-independent pixel) The returned display size is adjusted per screen rotation.

int getDisplayWidth()
// Gets the width of the display, in pixels.

static UiDevice getInstance()
// 获取一个对象

static UiDevice getInstance(Instrumentation instrumentation)
// Retrieves a singleton instance of UiDevice

String  getLastTraversedText()
// 获取上一次遍历的文本

String  getLauncherPackageName()
// 获取运行的packagename

String  getProductName()
// Retrieves the product name of the device.

boolean hasAnyWatcherTriggered()

// 检查是否有触发器触发

boolean hasObject(BySelector selector)
// 是否有符合的条件的

boolean hasWatcherTriggered(String watcherName)
// Checks if a specific registered UiWatcher has triggered.

boolean isNaturalOrientation()
// Check if the device is in its natural orientation.

boolean isScreenOn()
// Checks the power manager if the screen is ON.

boolean openNotification()
// Opens the notification shade.
// 打开通知

boolean openQuickSettings()
// 打开设置

<R> R   performActionAndWait(Runnable action, EventCondition<R> condition, long timeout)
// Performs the provided action and waits for the condition to be met.

boolean pressBack()
// Simulates a short press on the BACK button.

boolean pressDPadCenter()
// Simulates a short press on the CENTER button.

boolean pressDPadDown()
// Simulates a short press on the DOWN button.

boolean pressDPadLeft()
// Simulates a short press on the LEFT button.

boolean pressDPadRight()
// Simulates a short press on the RIGHT button.

boolean pressDPadUp()
// Simulates a short press on the UP button.

boolean pressDelete()
// Simulates a short press on the DELETE key.

boolean pressEnter()
// Simulates a short press on the ENTER key.

boolean pressHome()
// Simulates a short press on the HOME button.

boolean pressKeyCode(int keyCode)
// Simulates a short press using a key code.

boolean pressKeyCode(int keyCode, int metaState)
// Simulates a short press using a key code.

boolean pressMenu()
// Simulates a short press on the MENU button.

boolean pressRecentApps()
// Simulates a short press on the Recent Apps button.

boolean pressSearch()
// Simulates a short press on the SEARCH button.

void    registerWatcher(String name, UiWatcher watcher)
// Registers a UiWatcher to run automatically when the testing framework is unable to find a match using a UiSelector.

void    removeWatcher(String name)
// Removes a previously registered UiWatcher.

void    resetWatcherTriggers()
// Resets a UiWatcher that has been triggered.

void    runWatchers()
// This method forces all registered watchers to run.

void    setCompressedLayoutHeirarchy(boolean compressed)
// Enables or disables layout hierarchy compression.

void    setOrientationLeft()
// 设置旋转方向

void    setOrientationNatural()
// Simulates orienting the device into its natural orientation and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors.

void    setOrientationRight()
// Simulates orienting the device to the right and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors.

void    sleep()
// 关闭屏幕

boolean swipe(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps)
// Performs a swipe from one coordinate to another using the number of steps to determine smoothness and speed.

boolean swipe(Point[] segments, int segmentSteps)
// Performs a swipe between points in the Point array.

boolean takeScreenshot(File storePath, float scale, int quality)
// 截屏
boolean takeScreenshot(File storePath)
// Take a screenshot of current window and store it as PNG Default scale of 1.0f (original size) and 90% quality is used The screenshot is adjusted per screen rotation

void    unfreezeRotation()
// Re-enables the sensors and un-freezes the device rotation allowing its contents to rotate with the device physical rotation.

<R> R   wait(SearchCondition<R> condition, long timeout)
// Waits for given the condition to be met.

void    waitForIdle(long timeout)
// Waits for the current application to idle.

void    waitForIdle()
// Waits for the current application to idle.

boolean waitForWindowUpdate(String packageName, long timeout)
// Waits for a window content update event to occur.

void    wakeUp()
// 点亮屏幕

　　

UiObject

void    clearTextField()
// 清空输入接口

boolean click()
// 点击

boolean clickAndWaitForNewWindow()
// 点击并等待新界面

boolean clickAndWaitForNewWindow(long timeout)
// 点击并等待新界面，设置等待时间

boolean clickBottomRight()
// 点击右下边

boolean clickTopLeft()
// Clicks the top and left corner of the UI element

boolean dragTo(UiObject destObj, int steps)
// 拖动

boolean dragTo(int destX, int destY, int steps)
// Drags this object to arbitrary coordinates.

boolean exists()
// 判断是否存在

Rect    getBounds()
// 返回边界

UiObject    getChild(UiSelector selector)
// 根据条件获取子元素

int getChildCount()
// 获取子元素数量

String  getClassName()
// 获取当前元素的class name

String  getContentDescription()
// Reads the content_desc property of the UI element

UiObject    getFromParent(UiSelector selector)
// Creates a new UiObject for a sibling view or a child of the sibling view, relative to the present UiObject.

String  getPackageName()
// Reads the view's package property

final UiSelector    getSelector()
// Debugging helper.

String  getText()
// Reads the text property of the UI element

Rect    getVisibleBounds()
// 获取可见边界

boolean isCheckable()
// 是否可以点击

boolean isChecked()
// 是否已经选中

boolean isClickable()
// Checks if the UI element's clickable property is currently true.

boolean isEnabled()
// Checks if the UI element's enabled property is currently true.

boolean isFocusable()
// Check if the UI element's focusable property is currently true.

boolean isFocused()
// Check if the UI element's focused property is currently true

boolean isLongClickable()
// Check if the view's long-clickable property is currently true

boolean isScrollable()
// Check if the view's scrollable property is currently true

boolean isSelected()
// Checks if the UI element's selected property is currently true.

boolean longClick()
// 长按

boolean longClickBottomRight()
// Long clicks bottom and right corner of the UI element

boolean longClickTopLeft()
// Long clicks on the top and left corner of the UI element

boolean performMultiPointerGesture(PointerCoords... touches)
// Performs a multi-touch gesture.

boolean performTwoPointerGesture(Point startPoint1, Point startPoint2, Point endPoint1, Point endPoint2, int steps)
// Generates a two-pointer gesture with arbitrary starting and ending points.

boolean pinchIn(int percent, int steps)
// Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally toward the other, from the edges to the center of this UiObject .

boolean pinchOut(int percent, int steps)
// Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally opposite across the other, from the center out towards the edges of the this UiObject.

boolean setText(String text)
// 设置输入内容

boolean swipeDown(int steps)
// Performs the swipe down action on the UiObject.

boolean swipeLeft(int steps)
// Performs the swipe left action on the UiObject.

boolean swipeRight(int steps)
// Performs the swipe right action on the UiObject.

boolean swipeUp(int steps)
// Performs the swipe up action on the UiObject.

boolean waitForExists(long timeout)
// Waits a specified length of time for a view to become visible.

boolean waitUntilGone(long timeout)
// Waits a specified length of time for a view to become undetectable.

　　

下面给大家展示一个UiAutomator的testcase

package cn.cool;

import com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.UiAutomatorTestCase;

import android.os.RemoteException;

public class Testone extends UiAutomatorTestCase {
   @Override
    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
    }
    public void testCool() throws RemoteException, InterruptedException {

    }
    @Override
    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {

    }

}

　　

然后我们可以在实际的项目中，去实现我们真实的业务的代码。实现完毕呢，

我们就可以用 adb . shell push cool.jar /data/local/tmp/

然后使用

adb shell uiautomator runtest cool.jar -c cn.cool.Testone

就可以执行了。uiautomator 由于只能打成jar包，所以它不能直接在编辑器上进行调试。