MySQL 二进制文件恢复

先不说话先来一段代码块

 mysql> show variables like 'autocommit';

 +---------------+-------+

 | Variable_name | Value |

 +---------------+-------+

 | autocommit    | ON    |

 +---------------+-------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> set autocommit=0;

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> show variables like 'autocommit';

 +---------------+-------+

 | Variable_name | Value |

 +---------------+-------+

 | autocommit    | OFF   |

 +---------------+-------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |      120 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 #第二个

 mysql> create database luna;

 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |      214 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> use luna;

 Database changed

 mysql> create table t1(id int);

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |      311 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> insert into t1 values(1);

 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |      311 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> commit;

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec)

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |      499 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 #update

 mysql> update t1 set id=11 where id=1;

 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |      857 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |     1051 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 #delete

 mysql> delete from t1 where id=2;

 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |     1051 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> commit;

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |     1239 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 #drop

 mysql> select * from t1;

 +------+

 | id   |

 +------+

 |   11 |

 |    3 |

 |    4 |

 +------+

 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> update t1 set id=44 where id=4;

 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

 mysql> drop table t1;

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

 mysql> drop database luna;

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |     1633 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 #工具查看

 mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000034';

 #在命令行查看

 [root@db01-sa mysql]# mysqlbinlog --base64-output=decode-rows -vvv /data/mysql/mysql-bin.000034

 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;

 /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;

 /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;

 DELIMITER /*!*/;

 # at 4

 #180627 17:49:07 server id 6  end_log_pos 120 CRC32 0x75f5723b     Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.38-log created 180627 17:49:07 at startup

 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.

 ROLLBACK/*!*/;

 # at 120

 #180627 18:21:12 server id 6  end_log_pos 214 CRC32 0x0a1b14fc     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0    error_code=0

 SET TIMESTAMP=1530094872/*!*/;

 SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=2/*!*/;

 SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;

 SET @@session.sql_mode=1075838976/*!*/;

 SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;

 /*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;

 SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;

 SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;

 SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;

 create database luna

 /*!*/;

 # at 214

 #180627 18:22:16 server id 6  end_log_pos 311 CRC32 0x9fe876dc     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0    error_code=0

 use `luna`/*!*/;

 SET TIMESTAMP=1530094936/*!*/;

 create table t1(id int)

 /*!*/;

 # at 311

 #180627 18:23:02 server id 6  end_log_pos 383 CRC32 0xa66c8e7d     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0    error_code=0

 SET TIMESTAMP=1530094982/*!*/;

 BEGIN

 /*!*/;

 # at 383

 #180627 18:23:02 server id 6  end_log_pos 428 CRC32 0xf0097518     Table_map: `luna`.`t1` mapped to number 70

 # at 428

 #180627 18:23:02 server id 6  end_log_pos 468 CRC32 0x2b1aa647     Write_rows: table id 70 flags: STMT_END_F

 ### INSERT INTO `luna`.`t1`

 ### SET

 ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

 # at 468

 #180627 18:23:28 server id 6  end_log_pos 499 CRC32 0x62719421     Xid = 37

 COMMIT/*!*/;

 # at 499

 #180627 18:25:06 server id 6  end_log_pos 571 CRC32 0x84c9efe6     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0    error_code=0

 SET TIMESTAMP=1530095106/*!*/;

 BEGIN

 /*!*/;

 # at 571

 #180627 18:25:06 server id 6  end_log_pos 616 CRC32 0x74d151e2     Table_map: `luna`.`t1` mapped to number 70

 # at 616

 #180627 18:25:06 server id 6  end_log_pos 656 CRC32 0xd10d7120     Write_rows: table id 70 flags: STMT_END_F

 ### INSERT INTO `luna`.`t1`

 ### SET

 ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

 # at 656

 #180627 18:27:16 server id 6  end_log_pos 701 CRC32 0x7895e39d     Table_map: `luna`.`t1` mapped to number 70

 # at 701

 #180627 18:27:16 server id 6  end_log_pos 741 CRC32 0x5acc32fe     Write_rows: table id 70 flags: STMT_END_F

 ### INSERT INTO `luna`.`t1`

 ### SET

 ###   @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

 # at 741

 #180627 18:27:30 server id 6  end_log_pos 786 CRC32 0xb4ed9f5a     Table_map: `luna`.`t1` mapped to number 70

 # at 786

 #180627 18:27:30 server id 6  end_log_pos 826 CRC32 0x819e8db3     Write_rows: table id 70 flags: STMT_END_F

 ### INSERT INTO `luna`.`t1`

 ### SET

 ###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

 # at 826

 #180627 18:27:58 server id 6  end_log_pos 857 CRC32 0x452e1f31     Xid = 41

 COMMIT/*!*/;

 # at 857

 #180627 18:29:56 server id 6  end_log_pos 929 CRC32 0x5e68dff7     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0    error_code=0

 SET TIMESTAMP=1530095396/*!*/;

 BEGIN

 /*!*/;

 # at 929

 #180627 18:29:56 server id 6  end_log_pos 974 CRC32 0xf4e4e2bf     Table_map: `luna`.`t1` mapped to number 70

 # at 974

 #180627 18:29:56 server id 6  end_log_pos 1020 CRC32 0x2d809738     Update_rows: table id 70 flags: STMT_END_F

 ### UPDATE `luna`.`t1`

 ### WHERE

 ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

 ### SET

 ###   @1=11 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

 # at 1020

 #180627 18:30:25 server id 6  end_log_pos 1051 CRC32 0x08029580     Xid = 52

 COMMIT/*!*/;

 # at 1051

 #180627 18:31:25 server id 6  end_log_pos 1123 CRC32 0xcf1b6980     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0  error_code=0

 SET TIMESTAMP=1530095485/*!*/;

 BEGIN

 /*!*/;

 # at 1123

 #180627 18:31:25 server id 6  end_log_pos 1168 CRC32 0x7729069b     Table_map: `luna`.`t1` mapped to number 70

 # at 1168

 #180627 18:31:25 server id 6  end_log_pos 1208 CRC32 0x04cb5496     Delete_rows: table id 70 flags: STMT_END_F

 ### DELETE FROM `luna`.`t1`

 ### WHERE

 ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

 # at 1208

 #180627 18:31:36 server id 6  end_log_pos 1239 CRC32 0x27093f44     Xid = 56

 COMMIT/*!*/;

 # at 1239

 #180627 18:33:45 server id 6  end_log_pos 1311 CRC32 0x8be80fc2     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0  error_code=0

 SET TIMESTAMP=1530095625/*!*/;

 BEGIN

 /*!*/;

 # at 1311

 #180627 18:33:45 server id 6  end_log_pos 1356 CRC32 0x77578bf1     Table_map: `luna`.`t1` mapped to number 70

 # at 1356

 #180627 18:33:45 server id 6  end_log_pos 1402 CRC32 0x9c7bf8df     Update_rows: table id 70 flags: STMT_END_F

 ### UPDATE `luna`.`t1`

 ### WHERE

 ###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

 ### SET

 ###   @1=44 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

 # at 1402

 #180627 18:34:17 server id 6  end_log_pos 1433 CRC32 0x354e0150     Xid = 60

 COMMIT/*!*/;

 # at 1433

 #180627 18:34:17 server id 6  end_log_pos 1548 CRC32 0x52b3dc50     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0  error_code=0

 SET TIMESTAMP=1530095657/*!*/;

 DROP TABLE `t1` /* generated by server */

 /*!*/;

 # at 1548

 #180627 18:34:26 server id 6  end_log_pos 1633 CRC32 0x2e40af97     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0  error_code=0

 SET TIMESTAMP=1530095666/*!*/;

 drop database luna

 /*!*/;

 DELIMITER ;

 # End of log file

 ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;

 /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;

 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

 #截取

 [root@db01-sa mysql]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=120 --stop-position=857 /data/mysql/mysql-bin.000034 >/tmp/luna2.sql

 WARNING: The range of printed events ends with a row event or a table map event that does not have the STMT_END_F flag

 set. This might be because the last statement was not fully written to the log, or because you are using a

 --stop-position or --stop-datetime that refers to an event in the middle of a statement. The event(s) from

 the partial statement have not been written to output.

 警告:打印事件的范围以行或表映射事件结束,没有设置了STMT_END_F标志。这可能是因为过去的声明没有完全写入日志,或者因为您使

 用的是——停止位置,stop-datetime指一个事件在一份声明中。部分语句中的事件尚未写入输出。

 #产生以上报错就是因为截取的时候 一定要注意begin  begin是一个语句的开始 一定要从begin之前开始截断

 之前的语句mysqlbinlog --start-position=120 --stop-position=974 /data/mysql/mysql-bin.000034 >/tmp/luna.sql 当中的974要改成857

  mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> source /tmp/luna.sql;

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Charset changed

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 Database changed

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 mysql> show database;

 ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'database' at line 1

 mysql> show databases;

 +--------------------+

 | Database           |

 +--------------------+

 | information_schema |

 | binlog             |

 | luna               |

 | mysql              |

 | nod01              |

 | oldboy             |

 | performance_schema |

 | test               |

 | world              |

 +--------------------+

 9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> use luna

 Database changed

 mysql>

 mysql>

 mysql> show table;

 ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 1

 mysql> show tables;

 +----------------+

 | Tables_in_luna |

 +----------------+

 | t1             |

 +----------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> select * from t1;

 +------+

 | id   |

 +------+

 |    1 |

 |    2 |

 |    3 |

 |    4 |

 +------+

 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> show master status;

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 | mysql-bin.000034 |     1633 |              |                  |                   |

 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL binlog的补充

Mysql的binlog日志作用是用来记录mysql内部增删改查等对mysql数据库有更新的内容的记录（对数据库的改动），对数据库的查询select或show等不会被binlog日志记录;主要用于数据库的主从复制以及增量恢复。

mysql的binlog日志必须打开log-bin功能才能生存binlog日志

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 669 8月 10 21:29 mysql-bin.000001

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 126 8月 10 22:06 mysql-bin.000002

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 11799 8月 15 18:17 mysql-bin.000003

2、Mysqlbinlog解析工具

　　Mysqlbinlog功能是将Mysql的binlog日志转换成Mysql语句，默认情况下binlog日志是二进制文件，无法直接查看。

　　Mysqlbinlog参数

参数	描述
-d	指定库的binlog
-r	相当于重定向到指定文件
--start-position--stop-position	按照指定位置精确解析binlog日志（精确），如不接--stop-positiion则一直到binlog日志结尾
--start-datetime--stop-datetime	按照指定时间解析binlog日志（模糊，不准确），如不接--stop-datetime则一直到binlog日志结尾

备注：myslqlbinlog分库导出binlog，如使用-d参数，更新数据时必须使用use database。

例：解析ceshi数据库的binlog日志并写入my.sql文件

#mysqlbinlog -d ceshi mysql-bin.000003 -r my.sql

使用位置精确解析binlog日志

#mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003 --start-position=100 --stop-position=200 -r my.sql

3、MySQL binlog的三种工作模式

　　（1）Row level

　　日志中会记录每一行数据被修改的情况，然后在slave端对相同的数据进行修改。

　　优点：能清楚的记录每一行数据修改的细节

　　缺点：数据量太大

　　（2）Statement level（默认）

　　每一条被修改数据的sql都会记录到master的bin-log中，slave在复制的时候sql进程会解析成和原来master端执行过的相同的sql再次执行

　　优点：解决了 Row level下的缺点，不需要记录每一行的数据变化，减少bin-log日志量，节约磁盘IO，提高新能

　　缺点：容易出现主从复制不一致

　　（3）Mixed（混合模式）

　　结合了Row level和Statement level的优点

4、MySQL企业binlog模式的选择

互联网公司使用MySQL的功能较少（不用存储过程、触发器、函数），选择默认的Statement level
用到MySQL的特殊功能（存储过程、触发器、函数）则选择Mixed模式
用到MySQL的特殊功能（存储过程、触发器、函数），又希望数据最大化一直则选择Row模式

5、设置MySQL binlog模式

　　查看MySQLbinlog模式

mysql>show global variables like "binlog%";

+-----------------------------------------+-----------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+-----------------------------------------+-----------+

| binlog_cache_size | 1048576 |

| binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF |

| binlog_format | STATEMENT | #系统默认为STATEMENT模式

| binlog_stmt_cache_size | 32768 |

+-----------------------------------------+-----------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)　

MySQL中设置binlog模式

mysql>set global binlog_format='ROW';　

配置文件中设置binlog模式

#vim my.cnf

[mysqld]

binlog_format='ROW' #放在mysqld模块下面

user = mysql

port = 3306

socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock

6、配置完成后需要重启mysql服务

Row模式下解析binlog日志

#mysqlbinlog --base64-output="decode-rows" -v mysql-bin.000001

以上内容转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/xhyan/p/6530861.html

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