Python之路【第八篇】：堡垒机实例以及数据库操作

堡垒机前戏

开发堡垒机之前，先来学习Python的paramiko模块，该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作

SSHClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令

基于用户名密码连接：

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123')

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

print stdout.read()

transport.close()

基于公钥密钥连接：

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

# 创建SSH对象

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# 连接服务器

ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', key=private_key)

# 执行命令

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

# 获取命令结果

result = stdout.read()

# 关闭连接

ssh.close()

SSHClient 封装 Transport

SFTPClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载

基于用户名密码上传下载

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi',password='123')

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')

# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path

sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

基于公钥密钥上传下载

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))

transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key )

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')

# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path

sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import paramiko

import uuid

class Haproxy(object):

    def __init__(self):

        self.host = '172.16.103.191'

        self.port = 22

        self.username = 'wupeiqi'

        self.pwd = '123'

        self.__k = None

    def create_file(self):

        file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())

        with open(file_name,'w') as f:

            f.write('sb')

        return file_name

    def run(self):

        self.connect()

        self.upload()

        self.rename()

        self.close()

    def connect(self):

        transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))

        transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)

        self.__transport = transport

    def close(self):

        self.__transport.close()

    def upload(self):

        # 连接，上传

        file_name = self.create_file()

        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)

        # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

        sftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')

    def rename(self):

        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

        ssh._transport = self.__transport

        # 执行命令

        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py')

        # 获取命令结果

        result = stdout.read()

ha = Haproxy()

ha.run()

堡垒机的实现

实现思路：

堡垒机执行流程：

管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
执行操作并同时将用户操作记录

注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py

实现过程

步骤一，实现用户登陆

import getpass

user = raw_input('username:')

pwd = getpass.getpass('password')

if user == 'alex' and pwd == '123':

print '登陆成功'

else:

print '登陆失败'

步骤二，根据用户获取相关服务器列表

dic = {

'alex': [

'172.16.103.189',

'c10.puppet.com',

'c11.puppet.com',

],

'eric': [

'c100.puppet.com',

]

}

host_list = dic['alex']

print 'please select:'

for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1):

print index, item

inp = raw_input('your select (No):')

inp = int(inp)

hostname = host_list[inp-1]

port = 22

步骤三，根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器

tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))

tran.start_client()

default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')

key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)

tran.auth_publickey('wupeiqi', key)

# 打开一个通道

chan = tran.open_session()

# 获取一个终端

chan.get_pty()

# 激活器

chan.invoke_shell()

#########

# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作

# 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器

# 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回

# 用户终端显示内容

#########

chan.close()

tran.close()

while True:

    # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据

    # sys.stdin 处理用户输入

    # chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息

    readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)

    if chan in readable:

        try:

            x = chan.recv(1024)

            if len(x) == 0:

                print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',

                break

            sys.stdout.write(x)

            sys.stdout.flush()

        except socket.timeout:

            pass

    if sys.stdin in readable:

        inp = sys.stdin.readline()

        chan.sendall(inp)

# 获取原tty属性

oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)

try:

    # 为tty设置新属性

    # 默认当前tty设备属性：

    #   输入一行回车，执行

    #   CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。

    # 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号

    # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器

    tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())

    chan.settimeout(0.0)

    while True:

        # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket）

        # 阻塞，直到句柄可读

        r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)

        if chan in r:

            try:

                x = chan.recv(1024)

                if len(x) == 0:

                    print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',

                    break

                sys.stdout.write(x)

                sys.stdout.flush()

            except socket.timeout:

                pass

        if sys.stdin in r:

            x = sys.stdin.read(1)

            if len(x) == 0:

                break

            chan.send(x)

finally:

    # 重新设置终端属性

    termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

def windows_shell(chan):

    import threading

    sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")

    def writeall(sock):

        while True:

            data = sock.recv(256)

            if not data:

                sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')

                sys.stdout.flush()

                break

            sys.stdout.write(data)

            sys.stdout.flush()

    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))

    writer.start()

    try:

        while True:

            d = sys.stdin.read(1)

            if not d:

                break

            chan.send(d)

    except EOFError:

        # user hit ^Z or F6

        pass

注：密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)

详见：paramiko源码demo

数据库操作

Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装

linux：

yum install MySQL-python

window：

http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip

SQL基本使用

1、数据库操作

show databases;

use [databasename];

create database [name];

2、数据表操作

show tables;

create table students

(

id int not null auto_increment primary key,

name char(8) not null,

sex char(4) not null,

age tinyint unsigned not null,

tel char(13) null default "-"

);

CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` (

    `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL,

    `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',

    `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

    `content` text NOT NULL,

    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

    UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`)

) ;

3、数据操作

insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values('alex','man',18,'151515151')

delete from students where id =2;

update students set name = 'sb' where id =1;

select * from students

4、其他

主键

外键

左右连接

Python MySQL API

一、插入数据

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',('alex','usa'))

# reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'})

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

li =[

     ('alex','usa'),

     ('sb','usa'),

]

reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li)

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

注意：cur.lastrowid

二、删除数据

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('delete from UserInfo')

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

三、修改数据

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set Name = %s',('alin',))

conn.commit()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

四、查数据

# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ##############################

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('select * from UserInfo')

print cur.fetchone()

cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative')

print cur.fetchone()

cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')

print cur.fetchone()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

# ############################## fetchall ##############################

import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)

cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo')

nRet = cur.fetchall()

cur.close()

conn.close()

print reCount

print nRet

for i in nRet:

print i[0],i[1]