Introduce to basic $stateProvider.state() with $stateParams services. Understand how nested router works.

Key Value:

ng-href="#/list/{{item.name}}"
.state('list.item', {

                url: '/:item',

                templateUrl: 'templates/list.item.tmpl.html',

                controller: 'ItemCtrl',

                controllerAs: 'item'

            })
ui-sref="list.item({item: item.name})"

the same as 

ui-sref=".item({item: item.name})" <!-- ui.route understand to find the parent router-->

Note: we can put template into a spreated html, here we just put inside index.html and use type to define it.

script type="text/ng-template"

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html ng-app="app">

<head>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="bower_components/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>

    <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lodash.js/2.4.1/lodash.min.js"></script>

    <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.2/angular.min.js"></script>

    <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular-ui-router/0.2.11/angular-ui-router.js"></script>

    <meta charset="utf-8">

    <title>JS Bin</title>

</head>

<body>

<div class="container">

    <h4>

        A brief introduction to <strong class="text-danger">ui-router</strong>

        <span class="text-muted">(v0.2.0)</span>

    </h4>

    <div>

        <ul class="nav nav-pills">

            <li><a ui-sref="home">Home</a></li>

            <li><a ui-sref="list">Shopping List</a></li>

        </ul>

    </div>

    <div ui-view></div>

</div>

<script type="text/ng-template" id="templates/home.tmpl.html">

    <div class="row">

        <h3>What is ui-router?</h3>

        <p>URL routing is a popular approach to matching the contents of a URL to specific functionality within a web

            application. URL routes programmatically present specific content to users based on the URL that they are

            visiting. It is a popular approach that has proven to be very effective.</p>

        <P>Something that might not be obvious is that URL routing is also a finite state machine. When you configure

            the routing for an app, you are laying out the various states the application can be in, and informing the

            application what to display and do when a specific route is encountered.</P>

        <p>AngularJS supplies URL routing by default. It is adequate, but also has some limitations.</p>

    </div>

</script>

<script type="text/ng-template" id="templates/list.tmpl.html">

    <div class="row padded">

        <div class="list-group col-xs-3">

            <a class="list-group-item"

               ng-repeat="item in list.shoppingList"

               ng-class="{active: item.selected}"

               ng-href="#/list/{{item.name}}"

               ng-click="list.selectItem(item)">{{item.name}}</a>

        </div>

        <div ui-view class="col-xs-9"></div>

    </div>

</script>

<script type="text/ng-template" id="templates/list.item.tmpl.html">

    <h3>{{item.item}}</h3>

    <img ng-src="//robohash.org/{{item.item}}.png"/>

</script>

<script src="app.js"></script>

</body>

</html>

"ui-view" is important to tell where ui-router should show the view.

/**

 * Created by Answer1215 on 12/16/2014.

 */

angular.module('app', ['ui.router'])

    .config(function($stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider) {

        $stateProvider

            .state('home', {

                url: '/home',

                templateUrl: 'templates/home.tmpl.html'

            })

            .state('list', {

                url: '/list',

                templateUrl: 'templates/list.tmpl.html',

                controller: 'ListCtrl',

                controllerAs: 'list'

            })

            //nested router: "list.item",

            // ui-router understands that item is under list parent.

            .state('list.item', {

                url: '/:item',

                templateUrl: 'templates/list.item.tmpl.html',

                controller: 'ItemCtrl',

                controllerAs: 'item'

            })

    })

    .controller('ListCtrl', ListCtrl)

    .controller('ItemCtrl', ItemCtrl)

function ItemCtrl($stateParams) {

    var ItemCtrl = this;

    ItemCtrl.item = $stateParams.item;

}

function ListCtrl() {

    var ListCtrl = this;

    ListCtrl.shoppingList = [

        {name: 'Milk'},

        {name: 'Eggs'},

        {name: 'Bread'},

        {name: 'Cheese'},

        {name: 'Ham'}

    ];

    ListCtrl.selectItem = function(selectedItem) {

        _(ListCtrl.shoppingList).each(function(item) {

            item.selected = false;

            if(selectedItem === item) {

                selectedItem.selected = true;

            }

        });

    };

}

Read More: https://egghead.io/lessons/angularjs-introduction-ui-router

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