python接口自动化-传 json 参数

一、post请求有两种方法传json参数：

• 1.传json参数（自动转 json ）
• 2.传data参数（需 json 转换）

代码参考：

payload = {
          "Jodie":"How are you ?",
          "python":123,
          "requests":True
          }
url = "http://httpbin.org/post"

#第一种直接传 json 参数（推荐使用这种）
r1 = requests.post(url, json=payload)               # json 参数直接自动传 json
print(r1.text)

print("---------------------------------------")
#第二种传 data 参数，需要转 json
r2 = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))    #传 data 参数就需要传 json
print(r2.text)

运行后的打印结果：

F:\test-req-py\venv\Scripts\python.exe F:/test-req-py/day3/t3.py
{
"args": {},
"data": "{\"Jodie\": \"How are you ?\", \"python\": 123, \"requests\": true}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Content-Length": "59",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.21.0"
},
"json": {
"Jodie": "How are you ?",
"python": 123,
"requests": true
},
"origin": "223.104.210.143, 223.104.210.143",
"url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

---------------------------------------
{
"args": {},
"data": "{\"Jodie\": \"How are you ?\", \"python\": 123, \"requests\": true}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Content-Length": "59",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.21.0"
},
"json": {
"Jodie": "How are you ?",
"python": 123,
"requests": true
},
"origin": "223.104.210.143, 223.104.210.143",
"url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

Process finished with exit code 0

二、快递查询案例

1.例如打开快递网：http://www.kuaidi.com/，搜索 75135471609813 单号，判断它的状态是不是已签收

实操中原本的理想代码，实际没不通：

#coding:utf-8
import requests
import json
url = "http://www.kuaidi.com/index-ajaxselectcourierinfo-75135471609813-zhongtong.html"
h = {
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) "
                  "AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
                  "Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36",
    "Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
    "Referer":"http://www.kuaidi.com/",
    "Cookie":"lang=zh-cn; theme=default; sid=ngr6ji5prpj85cmj7lncnccap7; "
             "UM_distinctid=169c4b016739f-069c297f9ff0e7-3a3a5d0c-100200-169c4b016752ec; "
             "CNZZDATA1254194234=2076602214-1553782570-%7C1553782570"
    }

d= {
    "geetest_challenge":"af4536ec53cb7935a0326b1c4031f1a0jt",
    "geetest_validate":"49aec4801b8b9a125fa1473876b2f036",
    "geetest_seccode":"49aec4801b8b9a125fa1473876b2f036|jordan"
    }
s = requests.session()
r = s.post(url, headers=h, data=d, verify=False)
result = r.json()
print(type(result))
print(result["company"])
data = result["data"]
print(data)
print(data[0])
get_result = data[0]['context']
print(get_result)
if u"签收" in get_result:
    print("快递单已签收成功")
else:
    print("未签收")

运行后 print(result["company"]) 返回的结果为 None ，后面的返回错误：

一 一排查没找到原因，直到在 fiddle 中用 Composer 发送请求后，查看返回后的结果才明白，具体如下：

1.用composer发送请求（将之前发送成功的请求拖至此处）

2.查看返回的结果

实际上这个接口在fiddler上都没有跑通，用如下代码验证：

#coding:utf-8
import requests
import json
# import urllib3
# urllib3.disable_warnings()
url = "http://www.kuaidi.com/index-ajaxselectcourierinfo-75135471609813-zhongtong.html"
h = {
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) "
                  "AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
                  "Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36",
    "Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
    "Referer":"http://www.kuaidi.com/",
    "Cookie":"lang=zh-cn; theme=default; sid=ngr6ji5prpj85cmj7lncnccap7; "
             "UM_distinctid=169c4b016739f-069c297f9ff0e7-3a3a5d0c-100200-169c4b016752ec; "
             "CNZZDATA1254194234=2076602214-1553782570-%7C1553782570"
    }

d= {
    "geetest_challenge":"af4536ec53cb7935a0326b1c4031f1a0jt",
    "geetest_validate":"49aec4801b8b9a125fa1473876b2f036",
    "geetest_seccode":"49aec4801b8b9a125fa1473876b2f036|jordan"
    }
s = requests.session()
r = s.post(url, headers=h, data=d, verify=False)
result = r.json()
print(type(result))
print(result["company"])
print(result["companytype"])
print(result["reason"])

　

返回的结果如下：

与 fiddler 返回的结果一致

所以是这个接口再次请求的时候就出现问题了，有兴趣可以再换一个近期的快递单号试试

本次实操收获：以后在做接口测试的时候尽量先在fiddler 的 Compser上请求一次，看下能不能先跑通，以免出现问题的时候花大量的时间来排查！！