Given two sentences words1, words2 (each represented as an array of strings), and a list of similar word pairs pairs, determine if two sentences are similar.

For example, words1 = ["great", "acting", "skills"] and words2 = ["fine", "drama", "talent"] are similar, if the similar word pairs are pairs = [["great", "good"], ["fine", "good"], ["acting","drama"], ["skills","talent"]].

Note that the similarity relation is transitive. For example, if "great" and "good" are similar, and "fine" and "good" are similar, then "great" and "fine" are similar.

Similarity is also symmetric. For example, "great" and "fine" being similar is the same as "fine" and "great" being similar.

Also, a word is always similar with itself. For example, the sentences words1 = ["great"], words2 = ["great"], pairs = [] are similar, even though there are no specified similar word pairs.

Finally, sentences can only be similar if they have the same number of words. So a sentence like words1 = ["great"] can never be similar to words2 = ["doubleplus","good"].

Note:

  • The length of words1 and words2 will not exceed 1000.
  • The length of pairs will not exceed 2000.
  • The length of each pairs[i] will be 2.
  • The length of each words[i] and pairs[i][j] will be in the range [1, 20].

这道题是之前那道 Sentence Similarity 的拓展,那道题说单词之间不可传递,于是乎这道题就变成可以传递了,难度就增加了。不过没有关系,还是用经典老三样来解,BFS,DFS,和 Union Find。先来看 BFS 的解法,其实这道题的本质是无向连通图的问题,首先要做的就是建立这个连通图的数据结构,对于每个结点来说,要记录所有和其相连的结点,建立每个结点和其所有相连结点集合之间的映射,比如对于这三个相似对 (a, b), (b, c),和(c, d),我们有如下的映射关系:

a -> {b}

b -> {a, c}

c -> {b, d}

d -> {c}

那么如果要验证a和d是否相似,就需要用到传递关系,a只能找到b,b可以找到a,c,为了不陷入死循环,将访问过的结点加入一个集合 visited,那么此时b只能去,c只能去d,那么说明a和d是相似的了。用for循环来比较对应位置上的两个单词,如果二者相同,那么直接跳过去比较接下来的。否则就建一个访问即可 visited,建一个队列 queue,然后把 words1 中的单词放入 queue,建一个布尔型变量 succ,标记是否找到,然后就是传统的 BFS 遍历的写法了,从队列中取元素,如果和其相连的结点中有 words2 中的对应单词,标记 succ 为 true,并 break 掉。否则就将取出的结点加入队列 queue,并且遍历其所有相连结点,将其中未访问过的结点加入队列 queue 继续循环,参见代码如下:

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
bool areSentencesSimilarTwo(vector<string>& words1, vector<string>& words2, vector<pair<string, string>> pairs) {
if (words1.size() != words2.size()) return false;
unordered_map<string, unordered_set<string>> m;
for (auto pair : pairs) {
m[pair.first].insert(pair.second);
m[pair.second].insert(pair.first);
}
for (int i = ; i < words1.size(); ++i) {
if (words1[i] == words2[i]) continue;
unordered_set<string> visited;
queue<string> q{{words1[i]}};
bool succ = false;
while (!q.empty()) {
auto t = q.front(); q.pop();
if (m[t].count(words2[i])) {
succ = true; break;
}
visited.insert(t);
for (auto a : m[t]) {
if (!visited.count(a)) q.push(a);
}
}
if (!succ) return false;
}
return true;
}
};

下面来看递归的写法,解题思路跟上面的完全一样,把主要操作都放到了一个递归函数中来写,参见代码如下:

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
bool areSentencesSimilarTwo(vector<string>& words1, vector<string>& words2, vector<pair<string, string>> pairs) {
if (words1.size() != words2.size()) return false;
unordered_map<string, unordered_set<string>> m;
for (auto pair : pairs) {
m[pair.first].insert(pair.second);
m[pair.second].insert(pair.first);
}
for (int i = ; i < words1.size(); ++i) {
unordered_set<string> visited;
if (!helper(m, words1[i], words2[i], visited)) return false;
}
return true;
}
bool helper(unordered_map<string, unordered_set<string>>& m, string& cur, string& target, unordered_set<string>& visited) {
if (cur == target) return true;
visited.insert(cur);
for (string word : m[cur]) {
if (!visited.count(word) && helper(m, word, target, visited)) return true;
}
return false;
}
};

下面这种解法就是碉堡了的联合查找 Union Find 了,这种解法的核心是一个 getRoot 函数,如果两个元素属于同一个群组的话,调用 getRoot 函数会返回相同的值。主要分为两部,第一步是建立群组关系,suppose 开始时每一个元素都是独立的个体,各自属于不同的群组。然后对于每一个给定的关系对,对两个单词分别调用 getRoot 函数,找到二者的祖先结点,如果从未建立过联系的话,那么二者的祖先结点时不同的,此时就要建立二者的关系。等所有的关系都建立好了以后,第二步就是验证两个任意的元素是否属于同一个群组,就只需要比较二者的祖先结点都否相同啦。是不是有点深度学习的赶脚,先建立模型 training,然后再 test。哈哈,博主乱扯的,二者并没有什么联系。这里保存群组关系的数据结构,有时用数组,有时用 HashMap,看输入的数据类型吧,如果输入元素的整型数的话,用 root 数组就可以了,如果是像本题这种的字符串的话,需要用 HashMap 来建立映射,建立每一个结点和其祖先结点的映射。注意这里的祖先结点不一定是最终祖先结点,而最终祖先结点的映射一定是最重祖先结点,所以 getRoot 函数的设计思路就是要找到最终祖先结点,那么就是当结点和其映射结点相同时返回,否则继续循环,可以递归写,也可以迭代写,这无所谓。注意这里第一行判空是相当于初始化,这个操作可以在外面写,就是要让初始时每个元素属于不同的群组,参见代码如下:

解法三:

class Solution {
public:
bool areSentencesSimilarTwo(vector<string>& words1, vector<string>& words2, vector<pair<string, string>> pairs) {
if (words1.size() != words2.size()) return false;
unordered_map<string, string> m;
for (auto pair : pairs) {
string x = getRoot(pair.first, m), y = getRoot(pair.second, m);
if (x != y) m[x] = y;
}
for (int i = ; i < words1.size(); ++i) {
if (getRoot(words1[i], m) != getRoot(words2[i], m)) return false;
}
return true;
}
string getRoot(string word, unordered_map<string, string>& m) {
if (!m.count(word)) m[word] = word;
return word == m[word] ? word : getRoot(m[word], m);
}
};

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/737

类似题目:

Friend Circles

Accounts Merge

Sentence Similarity

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/sentence-similarity-ii/

https://leetcode.com/problems/sentence-similarity-ii/discuss/109747/Java-Easy-DFS-solution-with-Explanation

https://leetcode.com/problems/sentence-similarity-ii/discuss/109752/JavaC%2B%2B-Clean-Code-with-Explanation

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

[LeetCode] Sentence Similarity II 句子相似度之二的更多相关文章

  1. [LeetCode] 737. Sentence Similarity II 句子相似度之二

    Given two sentences words1, words2 (each represented as an array of strings), and a list of similar ...

  2. [LeetCode] 737. Sentence Similarity II 句子相似度 II

    Given two sentences words1, words2 (each represented as an array of strings), and a list of similar ...

  3. [LeetCode] Sentence Similarity 句子相似度

    Given two sentences words1, words2 (each represented as an array of strings), and a list of similar ...

  4. LeetCode 737. Sentence Similarity II

    原题链接在这里:https://leetcode.com/problems/sentence-similarity-ii/ 题目: Given two sentences words1, words2 ...

  5. [LeetCode] Palindrome Permutation II 回文全排列之二

    Given a string s, return all the palindromic permutations (without duplicates) of it. Return an empt ...

  6. [LeetCode] Redundant Connection II 冗余的连接之二

    In this problem, a rooted tree is a directed graph such that, there is exactly one node (the root) f ...

  7. [LeetCode] Arithmetic Slices II - Subsequence 算数切片之二 - 子序列

    A sequence of numbers is called arithmetic if it consists of at least three elements and if the diff ...

  8. [LeetCode] Contains Duplicate II 包含重复值之二

    Given an array of integers and an integer k, return true if and only if there are two distinct indic ...

  9. [LeetCode] Single Number II 单独的数字之二

    Given an array of integers, every element appears three times except for one. Find that single one. ...

随机推荐

  1. SQL语法语句总结

    一.SQL语句语法 ALTER TABLE ALTER TABLE 用来更新已存在表的结构. ALTER TABLE tablename (ADD|DROP column datatype [NULL ...

  2. mysql新手入门随笔

    1.启动/关闭服务器 第一种方法:通过Notifier 第二种方法: 通过Windows自带的服务管理:计算机右键选择管理弹出框选择"服务和应用程序"里的服务列表,从列表中找到My ...

  3. RTMP消息详细介绍

    本文继上篇简单分析了RTMP协议如何进行通信进一步详细分析RTMP的消息都有哪些,以及这些消息有什么作用. 一.RMTP消息 由上一篇文章可知RTMP 消息有分成两个部分,一个是头部,一个是有效负载. ...

  4. Django--基本篇:项目结构与设计模式(MVC)

    Django在项目开发中有着结构清晰.层次明显.容易编写理解查阅demo的优点,那么我们来个小案例具体看看.    一.项目结构简析: 我们按照上一篇中的开发流程步骤创建一个新项目myblog,项目下 ...

  5. 构建微服务开发环境1————如何安装JDK

    [内容指引] 下载JDK: Mac系统安装JDK: Mac系统配置环境变量: Windows系统安装JDK: Windows系统配置环境变量. 一.下载JDK 1.访问Oracle官网 http:// ...

  6. Windows 安装nginx并开机启动

    Win安装nginx并 开机启动 下载nginx安装包 nginx-1.12.2.zip,解压到D盘. https://pan.baidu.com/s/1InQa527yq35Q68c73RBb-A# ...

  7. Mysql的内连接,外链接,交叉链接

    内连接:只连接匹配的行  inner join select A.*,B.* from A,B where A.id = B.parent_id 外链接包括左外链接,右外链接,全外链接 左外链接:包含 ...

  8. 安装Loadrunner 11.0时,弹出缺少2.8 sp1组件--解决方案(win7)

    这是因为注册表缺少FullInstallVer和Version,归根到底是madc安装的的问题 以下是解决方法: 1.运行regedit,打开注册表,进入HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFT ...

  9. 09-移动端开发教程-Sass入门

    1. 引言 CSS3之前的CSS都大都是枚举属性样式,而编程语言强大的变量.函数.循环.分支等功能基本都不能在CSS中使用,让CSS的编程黯淡无光,Sass就是一种增强CSS编程的扩展语言(CSS4也 ...

  10. 点击一次按钮,发生多次ajax请求

    项目中遇到了两种情况: 1.点击一次发生两次请求. 原因:submit类型的按钮,默认有提交行为,发生两次提交的原因是在执行完ajax请求后,并没有阻止submit的行为,所以解决方法有两种: a.不 ...