python 子包引用父包和其他子包

python 子包引用父包和其他子包

python引用子目录很简单, 里面放个__init__.py就可以了. 如何在子目录里面引用其他目录(父目录,爷目录和同辈分目录)呢?

例如: python有项目目录结构:

projectdir/

------------------  __init__.py

| ----------------- core/

|----------------- __init__.py

|---------------- a.py

|----------------- b.py

|----------------- common.py

|------------------ subcore/

|-------------------- __init__.py

|-------------------- common.py

|-------------------- test.py

|------------------- plugins/

|------------------- __init__.py

|------------------- mail.py

|------------------- tel.py

|----------------- common.py

|------------------- utils/

|------------------- __init__.py

|------------------- util.py

|-------------------- log.py

1) 现在 a.py要import util和log, 如何实现呢? 很简单, 所有的common.py内容都一样, 如下:

#!/usr/bin/python2.7
#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#######################################################################
import os, sys, inspect

def script_abspath(frame=inspect.currentframe()):
    p = os.path.split(inspect.getfile( frame ))[0]
    absdir = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(p))
    return absdir

def script_abspath_parent(frame=inspect.currentframe()):
    return os.path.dirname(script_abspath(frame))

def include_dir(subdir=None, frame=inspect.currentframe()):
    # NOTES:
    # DO NOT USE __file__ !!!
    # dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
    # __file__ fails if script is called in different ways on Windows
    # __file__ fails if someone does os.chdir() before
    # sys.argv[0] also fails because it doesn't not always contains
    #   the path
    #
    # realpath() will make your script run, even if you symlink it
    p = os.path.split(inspect.getfile( frame ))[0]
    incdir = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(p))
    if incdir not in sys.path:
        sys.path.insert(0, incdir)
    if subdir:
        # use this if you want to include modules from a subfolder
        incdir = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(p, subdir)))
        if incdir not in sys.path:
            sys.path.insert(0, incdir)

###########################################################
# include dir and parent dirs
absdir = script_abspath()

while os.path.isdir(absdir):
    pkgini = os.path.join(absdir, "__init__.py")

    if not os.path.exists(pkgini):
        break

    if os.path.isdir(pkgini):
        break

    include_dir(absdir)

    absdir = os.path.dirname(absdir)

a.py 如下:

#!/usr/bin/python2.7
#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#

import common

import utils.util
import utils.log
...

test.py 也一样:

#!/usr/bin/python2.7
#-*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#

import common

import utils.util
import utils.log

import plugins.mail
 ...

就这么简单.

__init__.py是空文件.