ORA-00257错误的解决办法

author： headsen  chen

date： 2018-04-17  11:12:39

notice：个人原创，转载请注明作者和出处，否则依法追击法律责任。

1，oracle数据库正常使用中，突然报ora-00257的错误，原因是归档日志满了，达到了oracle设置的满值的状态了，所以会无法连接了。

2，system登录数据库查看使用率和归档文件目录

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest;

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest    string
log_archive_dest_1    string
log_archive_dest_10    string
log_archive_dest_2    string
log_archive_dest_3    string
log_archive_dest_4    string
log_archive_dest_5    string
log_archive_dest_6    string
log_archive_dest_7    string
log_archive_dest_8    string
log_archive_dest_9    string

NAME                            TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_state_1    string    enable
log_archive_dest_state_10    string    enable
log_archive_dest_state_2    string    enable
log_archive_dest_state_3    string    enable
log_archive_dest_state_4    string    enable
log_archive_dest_state_5    string    enable
log_archive_dest_state_6    string    enable
log_archive_dest_state_7    string    enable
log_archive_dest_state_8    string    enable
log_archive_dest_state_9    string    enable
SQL>

3, archive log list;检查一下归档目录和log sequence ,此时在序号512之前的都可以删除。
SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode	       Archive Mode
Automatic archival	       Enabled
Archive destination	       USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     512
Next log sequence to archive   514
Current log sequence	       514

　　

4，检查flash recovery area的使用情况，查看archivelog使用率：99% （这里因为已经清理过了，没来得及截图，第一次清理时有99%）

SQL> select * from V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE;

FILE_TYPE    PERCENT_SPACE_USED PERCENT_SPACE_RECLAIMABLE NUMBER_OF_FILES
------------ ------------------ ------------------------- ---------------
CONTROLFILE            0             0        0
ONLINELOG              0             0        0
ARCHIVELOG          43.73            0        215
BACKUPPIECE            0             0        0
IMAGECOPY              0             0        0
FLASHBACKLOG          .3           .22        4

6 rows selected.

上图中，说明归档日志满了，达到43.73%，需要清除过期的归档日志。

5，计算flash recovery area已经占用的空间 （已经清理过。没清理之前是2.99）

SQL>  select sum(percent_space_used)*3/100 from v$flash_recovery_area_usage;

SUM(PERCENT_SPACE_USED)*3/100
-----------------------------
		       1.3209

　　

6，找到recovery的目录

SQL> show parameter recover;

NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest		     string	 /oracle/flash_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size	     big integer 20G
recovery_parallelism		     integer	 0
SQL>

7，删除过期的归档文件

归档位置用的是默认值，放在flash_recovery_area下(db_recovery_file_dest目录=/oracle/flash_recovery_area)

[oracle@pen EC]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/oracle
[oracle@pen EC]$ cd /oracle/flash_recovery_area/EC/archivelog/

[oracle@pen archivelog]$ ls

[oracle@pen archivelog]$ ls
2018_01_01  2018_01_11  2018_01_21  2018_01_31  2018_02_10  2018_02_20  2018_03_02  2018_03_12  2018_03_22  2018_04_01  2018_04_11
2018_01_02  2018_01_12  2018_01_22  2018_02_01  2018_02_11  2018_02_21  2018_03_03  2018_03_13  2018_03_23  2018_04_02  2018_04_12
2018_01_03  2018_01_13  2018_01_23  2018_02_02  2018_02_12  2018_02_22  2018_03_04  2018_03_14  2018_03_24  2018_04_03  2018_04_13
2018_01_04  2018_01_14  2018_01_24  2018_02_03  2018_02_13  2018_02_23  2018_03_05  2018_03_15  2018_03_25  2018_04_04  2018_04_14
2018_01_05  2018_01_15  2018_01_25  2018_02_04  2018_02_14  2018_02_24  2018_03_06  2018_03_16  2018_03_26  2018_04_05  2018_04_15
2018_01_06  2018_01_16  2018_01_26  2018_02_05  2018_02_15  2018_02_25  2018_03_07  2018_03_17  2018_03_27  2018_04_06  2018_04_16
2018_01_07  2018_01_17  2018_01_27  2018_02_06  2018_02_16  2018_02_26  2018_03_08  2018_03_18  2018_03_28  2018_04_07  2018_04_17
2018_01_08  2018_01_18  2018_01_28  2018_02_07  2018_02_17  2018_02_27  2018_03_09  2018_03_19  2018_03_29  2018_04_08
2018_01_09  2018_01_19  2018_01_29  2018_02_08  2018_02_18  2018_02_28  2018_03_10  2018_03_20  2018_03_30  2018_04_09
2018_01_10  2018_01_20  2018_01_30  2018_02_09  2018_02_19  2018_03_01  2018_03_11  2018_03_21  2018_03_31  2018_04_10

切换到root用户，转移或清除对应的归档日志, 删除一些不用的日期目录的文件，注意保留最后几个文件（比如360以后的）

[oracle@pen archivelog]$ rm -rf 2018_01*
[oracle@pen archivelog]$ rm -rf 2018_02*

[oracle@pen archivelog]$ ls
2018_03_01  2018_03_06  2018_03_11  2018_03_16  2018_03_21  2018_03_26  2018_03_31  2018_04_05  2018_04_10  2018_04_15
2018_03_02  2018_03_07  2018_03_12  2018_03_17  2018_03_22  2018_03_27  2018_04_01  2018_04_06  2018_04_11  2018_04_16
2018_03_03  2018_03_08  2018_03_13  2018_03_18  2018_03_23  2018_03_28  2018_04_02  2018_04_07  2018_04_12  2018_04_17
2018_03_04  2018_03_09  2018_03_14  2018_03_19  2018_03_24  2018_03_29  2018_04_03  2018_04_08  2018_04_13
2018_03_05  2018_03_10  2018_03_15  2018_03_20  2018_03_25  2018_03_30  2018_04_04  2018_04_09  2018_04_14

8，在删除归档日志后，必须用RMAN维护控制文件，否则空间显示仍然不释放。（rman使用system用户登录，或者自创的chen用户登录，必须要有dba的权限）　

[oracle@pen archivelog]$ rman target chen/chen

[oracle@pen archivelog]$ rman target chen/chen

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 17 11:30:03 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: EC (DBID=1558596032)
RMAN> 

9. 检查一些无用的archivelog
RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;

archive log filename=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/EC/archivelog/2018_04_13/o1_mf_1_506_ff13y3dg_.arc recid=464 stamp=973364932
validation succeeded for archived log
archive log filename=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/EC/archivelog/2018_04_14/o1_mf_1_507_ff2lbs2k_.arc recid=465 stamp=973412441
validation succeeded for archived log
archive log filename=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/EC/archivelog/2018_04_14/o1_mf_1_508_ff3n9454_.arc recid=466 stamp=973447204
validation succeeded for archived log
archive log filename=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/EC/archivelog/2018_04_15/o1_mf_1_509_ff4fvh4q_.arc recid=467 stamp=973473391
validation succeeded for archived log
archive log filename=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/EC/archivelog/2018_04_15/o1_mf_1_510_ff6dv19y_.arc recid=468 stamp=973537890
validation succeeded for archived log
archive log filename=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/EC/archivelog/2018_04_17/o1_mf_1_511_ffbs1s2f_.arc recid=469 stamp=973681465
validation succeeded for archived log
archive log filename=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/EC/archivelog/2018_04_17/o1_mf_1_512_ffbs1s9l_.arc recid=470 stamp=973681466
validation succeeded for archived log
archive log filename=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/EC/archivelog/2018_04_17/o1_mf_1_513_ffbs1tb9_.arc recid=471 stamp=973681466
...
Crosschecked 215 objects

10, 删除过期的归档
RMAN> delete expired archivelog all;  ------> 输入“YES” 确认。

......
archive log filename=/oracle/flash_recovery_area/EC/archivelog/2018_02_28/o1_mf_1_411_f9dx438b_.arc recid=375 stamp=969297667
Deleted 119 EXPIRED objects

下面这一条命令视情况而定，可以不执行。

RMAN>delete archivelog until time 'sysdate-1' ; 删除截止到前一天的所有archivelog　

RMAN>exit  （退出）

11，再次查询，发现使用率正常，已经降到19.57

SQL> sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> select * from V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE;

SQL> select * from V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE;

FILE_TYPE    PERCENT_SPACE_USED PERCENT_SPACE_RECLAIMABLE NUMBER_OF_FILES
------------ ------------------ ------------------------- ---------------
CONTROLFILE            0             0        0
ONLINELOG              0             0        0
ARCHIVELOG          19.57            0        96
BACKUPPIECE            0             0        0
IMAGECOPY              0             0        0
FLASHBACKLOG          .3            .22       4

6 rows selected.

这样，oracle的归档日志满的问题就解决了，可以登录和访问了。

补充：如果archive log模式下不能正常startup,则先恢复成noarchive log,startup成功后，再shutdown;

操作命令如下：

shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database noarchivelog;
alter database open;
shutdown immediate;
再次startup以archive log模式
startup mount;
show parameter log_archive_dest;
alter database archivelog;
archive log list;               
alter database open;
如果还不行，则删除一些archlog log
SQL> select group#,sequence# from v$log;
    GROUP# SEQUENCE#
---------- ----------
         1         62
         3         64
         2         63
原来是日志组一的一个日志不能归档
SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;
alter database open;
最后，也可以指定位置Arch Log, 请按照如下配置
select name from v$datafile;
alter system set log_archive_dest='/opt/app/oracle/oradata/usagedb/arch' scope=spfile
或者修改大小（我的改成了20G,不能太小了）
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=3G scope=both;